论文摘要
液位测量传感器作为自动控制、计量的重要核心元件被大量应用在石化等工业领域,以保证生产过程各环节中液位的平衡并为进行经济核算提供可靠的依据;维持正常生产、保证产品的产量和质量、以及保证安全生产具有重要的意义。易燃液体,如汽油等,通常是被储藏在高度为几十米以下的密闭容器中,如何安全并可靠的测量出密闭容器中的易燃液体液位一直是石化行业的重点问题。上述密闭容器中的易燃液体,其对容器底部所产生的压强通常为几个兆帕。目前国内外对于易燃液体液位测量的液位传感器,一般都是电学传感器。这类传感器虽然测量水平已达到较高的自动化程度和测量精度,但上述方法大都采用电激励和电信号传输,在测量易燃液体时极易因火花放电而引起火灾或爆炸,即使采用防爆处理过的本安传感器也还是存在有一定的风险,且价格较高并较难形成测量网络。光纤Bragg光栅传感技术是一种新型的传感技术,通过Bragg波长的漂移来获得诸如应力、温度、振动、加速度等外部参量,由于它的测量手段和传输途径都为光信号,因此具有不受环境的电磁干扰、本安等优点,能够极大地提高测量的安全性和可靠性。因而在测量易燃液体液位领域中,光纤Bragg光栅传感器具有广阔的应用前景。本课题采用光纤Bragg光栅作为敏感元件,对其用于液位测量的相关理论和技术进行了一系列理论分析和实验研究。针对现有条件,选择低压作为实验研究对象,并采用较为简单的压力法测量方式,以便掌握传感数学模型在实际测量中的特点,并提出相应的改进方案。后期依据实验验证的传感数学模型原理,改变换能元件的材料和尺寸来达到增大测量对象量程的目的。目前通过理论分析与实验研究已完成了以下主要工作:1、基于膜片中心挠度变化与所受压强呈线性关系;基于粘贴在等强度悬臂梁上的光纤Bragg光栅其波长波变化与悬臂梁所受应力呈线性关系等理论建立了传感模型,设计了测量液位的光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器;2、根据所选材料及其尺寸计算出该传感器的理论灵敏度。理论灵敏度为7pm/cm;理论分别率为:0.14cm/pm。3、通过实验的方式,测量出了实际灵敏度为:加载4.9pm/cm,卸载5.4pm/cm;实际分辨率为:0.20cm/pm;4、实验结果表明Bragg波长漂移值与液位变化量呈较好的线性关系,实验证明了该传感器的设计是可行的,这为后期传感器的实用化研究提供了良好的开端。
论文目录
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