英语学习型词典义项排列的优化模式 ——基于原型理论的研究

论文摘要

自然界中大多数词都是以多义词的形式存在,一词多义是任何一种语言都不可或缺的现象。由于多义词一项在词典中以何种方式排列直接关系到用户使用词典的效率,进而影响多义词习得,因此义项排列被视为词典编纂微观结构中的一个关键环节。词典编纂者在编纂词典过程中通常遵循三种传统的义项排列方式,即按历史顺序,按逻辑顺序和按使用频率。三种排列方式各有利弊:或是注重检索的便利而忽略了义项间的内在联系;或是侧重体现义项间的联系却给用户查阅带来困难,因此有待改进。二十世纪七十年代中期由美国心理学家Rosch提出的原型理论在语言研究领域得到了广泛运用,特别在分析词义,体现多义词义项间的联系方面,发挥了重要作用。根据原型理论,语义跟人的概念结构和概念结构的形成过程有直接的关系,范畴与范畴之间的边界是模糊的,一个范畴内容各成员的地位是不均等的,有的是范畴的典型成员,有的是非典型成员。一个多义词的各个义项也相应可以被视为一个意义范畴集合,其中一个主要义项作为范畴的典型成员,其余义项作为非典型成员。本论文充分利用认知语义学中这一新理论的研究成果,研究如何在学习型词典中将一个词的众多义项合理排列,以方便词典用户检索,同时帮助语言学习者进行有效的多义词习得。此外,本研究还借鉴使用了引导词,引导词通常以一个单词或词组的形式出现,加注在每个原型义项前概括该义项的核心意思。用户在查阅时,不必通读整个义项,仅阅读引导词,就能提纲挈领。此外,同一个词,既是名词也是动词,不同词性的义项间则通过引入义项菜单建立起联系。最后,以charge和cut二词为例,设计出最优化的义项排列模式。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Contents
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Figures
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation of the present research
• 1.2 Significance of the research
• 1.3 Research issues
• 1.4 Research methodology of the research
• 1.5 Organization of the research
• Chapter Two Relevant Studies of Polysemy Acquisition and Prototype Categories
• 2.1 Relevant studies of polysemy acquisition
• 2.2 Property of prototype categories
• 2.2.1 The prototypical conception in terms of semantic structure
• 2.3 Competing views about prototype categories
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter Three Polysemy Relations
• 3.1 Definition of polysemy
• 3.2 General issues involved
• 3.2.1 Polysemy vs.monosemy
• 3.2.2 Polysemy vs.ambiguity
• 3.2.3 Polysemy vs.homonymy
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter Four The Origins of Prototypes and Relevant Issues on Prototypes
• 4.1 The origins of prototypes
• 4.2 A functional explanation for prototypes
• 4.3 Prototype categories vs.classical categories
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Current Situation on Sense Ordering Approaches in Popular English Dictionaries
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Traditional approaches for senses ordering
• 5.2.1 Historical sense ordering
• 5.2.2 Logical sense ordering
• 5.2.3 Frequency sense ordering
• 5.3 Other innovational sense ordering approaches
• 5.3.1 Innovations in NOED
• 5.3.2 The SHORT CUT in OALED6
• 5.3.3 The MENU in KLEJD2
• 5.4 Summary
• Chapter Six The Study on Optimized Prototype-based Sense Ordering Model
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The design of optimized sense ordering model
• 6.2.1 Issues on the application of frequency to sense selection
• 6.2.2 Issues on the application of prototype theory
• 6.2.3 Issues on the application of available innovations
• 6.3 Principles of the optimized prototype-based sense ordering model
• 6.4 The structure of optimized prototype-based model
• 6.4.1 The hierarchical charts of prototypical sense and sub-senses
• 6.4.2 The layout of the model
• 6.5 The optimized sense ordering models
• Chapter Seven Conclusion
• 7.1 Major findings
• 7.2 Implication and suggestion for the research
• Bibliography
• Appendix A:Sense ordering of word cut in NOED
• Appendix B:Sense ordering of word cut in OALED6
• Appendix C:Sense ordering of word charge in NOED
• Appendix D:Sense ordering of word charge in OALED6
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