论文摘要
TGF-β(transforming growth factor-beta)超家族包括TGF-β、Nodal、BMP(bone morphogenetic protein)、activin、inhibin等,它们在体内具有重要而广泛的生物学功能,它们的信号转导失控会引起胚胎发育异常以及包括肿瘤在内的多种疾病的发生。细胞为了维持正常的生理功能,必须对TGF-β信号进行精确的调控。Smad7在TGF-β信号负反馈调控中起着重要的作用。已有研究认为Smad7通过和I型受体结合干扰激活型的R-Smads的结合,或者募集E3泛素连接酶Smurf1和Smurf2到受体导致泛素依赖的方式降解受体,从而在细胞质中的受体水平抑制TGF-β信号。本论文研究发现Smad7具有不同于以往Smad7作用于胞质I型受体水平的在细胞核内的抑制作用,并且它能够通过结合DNA竞争其它功能Smad对目标基因启动子的结合,以及其结合HDAC的能力等多种方式在细胞核内有效的抑制TGF-β信号。完全在胞核中表达的Smad7在哺乳动物细胞中的报告基因系统和斑马鱼胚胎发生中的作用表明在细胞核内存在对TGF-β信号高效的抑制活性。失去Smurf结合活性的Smad7突变体仍然在核内存在抑制作用。进一步研究表明,Smad7在I型受体缺陷的细胞R1B/L17和Hep3B中强烈的抑制Smad3/4和Smad1/4引起的报告基因的表达。生物素标记的DNA结合实验表明Smad7能够特异性的通过MH2结构域结合Smad响应元件。通过染色体免疫共沉淀方法,进一步验证了Smad7可以结合体内响应TGF-β信号的目标基因PAI-1的启动子的DNA结合活性。然后有证据表示Smad7可以干扰TGF-β诱导的功能性Smad-DNA复合物的形成。这些研究提示Smad7以一种全新的机制在细胞核内抑制TGF-β信号。随后,用GAL4检测系统发现Smad7的MH2结构域在Hep3B细胞中的转录抑制活性。免疫共沉淀研究表明Smad7可以和HDAC1和HDAC3结合,而且其结合结构域也是MH2,HDAC可以去掉组蛋白和非组蛋白上的乙酰基从而沉默基因的表达。进而,用HDAC的抑制剂TSA可以部分的回复Smad7对TGF-β信号的抑制作用。这说明Smad7可以通过募集HDAC的方式在细胞核内抑制TGF-β信号。
论文目录
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