美国游说政治研究

论文摘要

游说政治在美国政治舞台上是一个十分重要而又非常独特的现象，对于美国的政治和社会都有极其深刻的影响，其在美存在的合理性是与美文化、政治理念密不可分。本文通过对游说政治的法理空间和文化基础、游说政治在美国政治制度中的地位、推动游说政治得以展开的制度动力，以及游说政治与美国政府尤其是国会制订政策过程的关系进行分析，试图回答美国政治中一系列令人迷惑的问题，比如，游说政治在美国长盛不衰的原因、美国政治制度为游说政治提供了多大的活动空间、推动游说政治的主要行为体是哪些、他们是如何进行运作的、其他国家如何借鉴美国国内游说团体的经验开辟对美外交工作的新渠道、中国能否及如何利用美游说制度推进中美关系等。论文共分五章。第一章作者阐述了美游说政治的由来及其构成要素。第二章深入探讨了游说的法理空间和文化基础。第三章介绍了游说的操作流程、战略战术选择及游说与美国国会的关系。第四章以数据和实例分析了游说集团在美政治生活中的具体表现和对美内政、外交的影响力，特别是对美政治体制产生的负面影响。第五章探讨了外国政府、企业及公共利益组织利用美游说制度的具体方法，以及中、国能否及如何利用美游说制度。通过上述分析研究，作者得出结论：美游说政治是美国特定政治文化的必然产物，将在一定时期内长期存在。美游说政治的开放性决定了在一定意义上其可为我所用。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract in Chinese
• Abstract in English
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Origins of American Lobbying and Factors of Politics of Lobbying
• 1.1 Origins of American Lobbying
• 1.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms
• 1.2.1 Lobbying
• 1.2.2 Lobbyist
• 1.2.3 Organized Interest
• 1.3 Factors of Politics of Lobbying
• 1.3.1 The Main Players of Lobbying
• 1.3.2 The Target of Lobbying
• 1.3.3 The Goal of Lobbying
• 1.3.4 Process of Communication
• Chapter 2 The Legal Space and Cultural Foundation of Lobbying
• 2.1 The Right of Lobbying
• 2.2 The Regulation of Lobbying
• 2.2.1 The Foreign Agents Registration Act
• 2.2.2 The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act
• 2.2.3 The Lobbying Disclosure Act and the Lobbying Disclosure Technical Amendment Act
• 2.3 The Cultural Foundation of Lobbying
• 2.3.1 Pragmatism
• 2.3.2 Individual Freedom
• 2.3.3 Pluralism
• Chapter 3 The Process, Strategy and Tactics of Lobbying and Relations between Lobbying and Congress
• 3.1 The Process, Strategy and Tactics of Lobbying
• 3.1.1 Identifying the Issue---the First Thing to Do
• 3.1.2 Research on the Issue---the Fundamentals of Lobbying
• 3.1.3 Taking Actions---Choosing Right Strategy and Effective Tactics
• 3.2 Relations between Lobbying and Congress
• 3.2.1 Congress: the Primary Target of Lobbying
• 3.2.2 Influence of Lobbying of Organized Interest Groups on Congress
• Chapter 4 Influence of Lobbying: the Performance of Organized Interests
• 4.1 Influence on Executive Branch
• 4.2 Influence on Legislature
• 4.3 Influence on the Judiciary
• 4.4 Influence on the Public
• 4.5 The Negative Consequences of Lobbying on American Politics
• 4.5.1 Political Inequality---Tyranny of Minorities
• 4.5.2 Policy Gridlock---Inefficiency of Government
• 4.5.3 Unavoidable Corruptions---Necessary Costs
• Chapter 5 How to Make Use of American Lobbying:Examples and Suggestions
• 5.1 The Israeli Lobbying and the U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East
• 5.2 Japan's Lobbying and Japan-U.S. Trade Friction
• 5.3 Taiwan Lobbying and the American Taiwan Policy
• 5.4 Policy Suggestions on Lobby of China in the United States
• 5.4.1 Basic Factors to Be Understood Beforehand
• 5.4.2 Policy Suggestions
• Conclusion
• Bibliography