沙特阿拉伯中小企业创新的关键成功因素研究 ——以沙特阿拉伯国家的信息技术产业为个案

论文摘要

在许多国家,中小企业正在给经济带来根本性的变化。同样,在沙特阿拉伯,中小企业是发展国家经济的重要行业之一。在许多技术发达及欠发达的国家,发展中小企业的最重要的趋势之一是持续增长的创新意识。在本研究中,读者可以看到在沙特阿拉伯,中小企业行业创新成果的可行性是基于其对国家经济贡献的基础上进行分析的。在沙特阿拉伯,我们可以从私人及公共机构中有四个领域来观察国家创新体系：企业、科研、教育、国有项目以及服务。在企业中,我们可以考察高新技术企业和传统产业。这同样也发生在高校、职业培训学校和研究机构里。在国家机构和项目中,我们可以考察研究、教育和经济、研发支持机构、项目和立法等。同样的,在“服务”领域,我们关注这三个方面：技术转让机构、金融机构和特殊服务。财政资源,流通参股,客户档案,独特的技术诀窍,技术技能,公司管理,组织结构管理风格,企业文化和技术的限制也是与沙特阿拉伯中小企业行业创新相关的关键方面。对沙特阿拉伯中小企业中缺乏创新意识的关注,是本文的研究基础,同时本研究力求达到以下目标：在研究基础上,向沙特阿拉伯政府部门及公众提供信息,以便对信息产业中小企业的发展机会进行评估。在沙特阿拉伯中小企业中,分析创新与技术成功的关系。选取一些重要的创新因素,并促使它们在现在及今后的发展中能被成功地运用。得出结论,揭示创新和商业成功的关键性因素。本文的研究结构分为八个章节：第一章简介；第二章介绍研究的基本理论方法；第三章基于创新的中小企业的竞争力分析：第四章创新意识的竞争力；第五章小企业能力提升战略；第六章沙特阿拉伯中小企业种创新的近况；第七章数据分析与讨论；最后一章为结论及对未来发展的思考。关于我的第一个问卷调查,研究主要集中在通过第一次调查发现的七个变量中：有效的研究发展战略(ERDS),组织竞争力(OC),核心能力(CC),组织的知识管理(OKM),组织学习(0L),组织愿景(0V)和组织环境(OE)。发现沙特阿拉伯中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)是这个研究的主要任务。本论文运用文献综述,并对沙特阿拉伯214名不同性别、年龄和职业背景的调查对象进行问卷调查,直接收集信息。其中分别有114名男性和110名女性。即52.2%的被调查对象是男性,48.8%为女性。问卷发放给中小企业的管理人员、工人和投资者。通过分析沙特阿拉伯IT行业的情形,研究中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)。在进行多元回归分析后,研究结果表明,当我们分析这些企业时,将这些企业分为两类,一种是独立的公司,二是子公司,可用下列术语描述：回归分析数据的结果表明,在沙特阿拉伯的独立公司中,组织竞争力(0C),有效的研究发展战略(ERDS),核心能力(CC),组织学习(0L),组织的知识管理(OKM),组织愿景(OV)和组织环境(OE)是中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)中最重要的元素。但是另一方面,我们可以看到关于最终结果的两个变量：组织竞争力与组织知识管理和因变量一同具有重要的意义。相反地,在附属公司,回归分析数据的结果表明,组织竞争力(0C)、组织学习(0L),有效的研究发展战略(ERDS),核心能力(CC),组织愿景(OV)和组织环境(OE)并不是沙特阿拉伯子公司中小企业创新的关键成功因素中最重要的元素。但它表明组织的知识管理(OKM)是中小企业创新的关键成功因素中最重要的元素。我们还可以看到一个变量,组织的知识管理(OKM),和因变量有着显著的关系。

论文目录

• ABSTRACT
• 中文摘要
• Contents
• Contents of Figures
• Contents of Tables
• Abbreviations
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
• 1.1 Research Objectives and Significance
• 1.1.1 Research Objectives
• 1.1.2 Significance of The Research
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.3 Research Contents & Methodologies
• 1.3.1 Research Design
• 1.3.2 Research Methodology
• 1.3.3 Questionnaire Design
• 1.3.4 Sample Design
• CHAPTER 2 BASIC THEORIES OF THE RESEARCH
• 2.1 Innovation Theory
• 2.1.1 Definition of Innovation
• 2.1.2 Classification of Innovation
• 2.2 Innovation and Market Structure
• 2.2.1 Innovation Entry Between the Firms
• 2.2.2 Relationship Between Labor and Industry Life Cycle
• 2.3 Characteristics of SME's Innovative Activities
• 2.3.1 Internal Relationship Characteristics
• 2.3.2 Recourse Characteristics
• 2.3.3 Process Characteristics
• 2.3.4 External Characteristics
• 2.3.5 Behavior Characteristics
• 2.4 Knowledge Management Theory
• 2.4.1 Concept of Knowledge Management Theory
• 2.4.2 Dependence and Cumulative Knowledge Acquisition
• 2.4.3 Interactive Learning Between Two Firms
• 2.4.4 Key to Effective Inter Firm Knowledge Transfer and Learning
• 2.4.5 Inter Firm Linkages With Universities
• 2.5 Theories of Organizational Learning
• CHAPTER 3 COMPETITIVENESS IN SME's BASED ON INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
• 3.1 Innovation Management System in SMEs
• 3.1.1 The Concept of Competency
• 3.1.2 Components of Innovational Competence
• 3.1.3 A Predecessor of Competency Modeling
• 3.2 Feature of Innovation in SMEs
• 3.2.1 Factors for Measuring Success in Innovation
• 3.2.2 Innovation Process
• 3.2.3 Innovation Fostering
• 3.3 Innovation Contributing to Competitiveness in SMEs
• 3.4 Problems & Challenges of Innovation in SMEs
• 3.4.1 Lack of Managerial Training and Experience
• 3.4.2 Inadequate Education and Skills
• 3.4.3 Lack of Credit
• 3.4.4 National Policy and Regulatory Environment
• 3.4.5 Technological Change
• 3.4.6 Poor Infrastructures
• 3.4.7 Scanty Markets Information
• CHAPTER 4 INNOVATIVE COMPETITIVENESS IN SMEs
• 4.1 Determinants of Innovation in SMEs
• 4.1.1 Structural and Management Characteristics
• 4.1.2 Financing SME's Innovative Activities
• 4.1.3 The Effect of Human Capital on SME's Innovative Activities
• 4.2 Key Factors Impact on Innovation in SME's
• 4.2.1 Leaderships
• 4.2.2 Supply Chain and Logistics
• 4.2.3 Effective Organizational Management
• 4.2.4 Organizational Competitiveness
• 4.2.5 Effective Research Development Strategy
• 4.2.6 Core Competence
• 4.2.7 Organizational Learning
• 4.2.8 Organizational Knowledge Management
• 4.2.9 Organizational Vision
• 4.2.10 Organization Environment
• 4.2.11 Network Promotion
• 4.3 Principles of Selection the Keys Success Factors
• 4.4 Measuring The Factors of Innovation in SME's
• 4.4.1 Theoretical of Analytic Hierarchy Process
• 4.4.2 Theoretical of Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis
• 4.4.3 Empirical Analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process
• 4.4.4 Empirical Analysis of Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis
• 4.4.5 Generally Conclusion of Measuring The Key Factors of Innovation in Saudi Atabia SMEs
• CHAPTER 5 STRATEGIES OF IMPROVEMENT IN SMEs
• 5.1 Setup Learning Organization
• 5.2 Reengineering Business Process
• 5.2.1 The Impact of BPR on Organizational Performance
• 5.2.2 How to Implement a BPR project
• 5.2.3 Tools to Support BPR
• 5.3 Set up Strategic Alliance
• 5.3.1 Types of Alliances
• 5.3.2 Conventional Approaches to Strategic Alliances
• 5.3.3 Their Shortcomings
• CHAPTER 6 SMEs INNOVATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
• 6.1 General Situation about SME's in Saudi Arabia
• 6.1.1 A Measured Turnaround
• 6.1.2 Finance
• 6.1.3 Foreign Assets
• 6.1.4 Manufacturing
• 6.1.5 Wholesale and Retail Trade
• 6.2 SMEs Innovation Situation in Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.1 Saudi Arabia SME's R&D High-Tec Innovation Activity
• 6.2.2 SMEs Financial Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.3 SMEs Human Resource Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.4 SMEs Output Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.5 SMEs Information Technology Innovation In Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.6 SMEs Interactive Learning Innovation In Saudi Arabia
• 6.2.7 Performance of SME Innovation in and Out Saudi Arabia
• 6.3 Problems of SME's Innovation in Saudi Arabia
• 6.3.1 Lack of Fund
• 6.3.2 Lack of Skilled Human Resources
• 6.3.3 Lack of Management Skill
• 6.3.4 Lack of Marketing Skill
• 6.3.5 Lack of Modern Technology
• 6.3.6 Cost Problem and Raw Material Purchase
• 6.3.7 Lack of Information
• CHAPTER 7 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
• 7.1 Respondents Background
• 7.2 Theoretical Framework of K.S.F in SME's Innovation
• 7.3 Describing The Responds Sample in Independent and Subsidiary firms
• 7.3.1 Analysis the Response in Independent Firms
• 7.3.2 Testing the Hypothesis of Independent Firms
• 7.3.3 Correlations Between K.S.F in Independent Firms
• 7.3.4 Analysis the Response in Subsidiary Firms
• 7.3.5 Testing the Hypothesis of Subsidiary Firms
• 7.3.6 Correlations Between K.S.F in Subsidiary Firms
• 7.4 Comparative Study Between Independent and Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in Saudi
• 7.5 The Reliability and Validity Test in Independent and Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in SaudiArabia
• 7.5.1 The Reliability & Validity Test in Independent Firms of IT Industry in Saudi
• 7.5.2 The Reliability & Validity Test in Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in Saudi
• CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
• 8.1 Conclusion and Finder
• 8.2 Recommendations to The Government and SMEs
• 8.3 Innovation Points
• 8.4 Future Research
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• APPENDIX