国际贸易中污染转移问题研究

论文摘要

随着当今国际贸易的快速发展以及生态环境的日益恶化,污染转移问题越来越引起了人们的重视。跨国污染转移是当前国际贸易中普遍存在的现象,指一国将在本国处理费用高昂或危险的各种废物通过国际贸易等方式越境到其他国家。它已经成为了发达国家处理各种有害废物的重要途径,并且严重阻碍了输入国的经济发展。由于环境规范不一致,实质上主要是发达国家向发展中国家进行污染转移。它破坏了受让方环境,消耗大量自然资源,危害人民健康。从长远看将削弱受让方经济发展潜力,但对转移方而言不仅可以借此逃避国内环境压力,还能从交易方中获取丰厚的利润。如何防范跨国污染转移已经成为众多发展中国家共同关注的问题。本文整个分析思路是从定量和定性两方面对国内外跨国污染转移问题进行分析。主要是从比较优势效应理论以及发达国家所谓的经济理性论分析发达国家对发展中国家污染转移的基础。然后结合国内外跨国污染转移的现状以及目前的趋势,运用国内外现有的污染转移的相关数据,进一步探究跨国污染转移的成因和方式。通过对跨国污染转移的分析,具体讨论中国的污染转移现状、原因、以及这种污染转移行为给我国带来的严重后果。为了避免我国成为“世界垃圾场”,我们有必要对我国防范污染转移采取的措施提出相应的建议。我国现阶段应采取的措施包括完善法律法规,提高环保标准;利用“环保例外权”构筑绿色贸易壁垒;建立环境关税制度;加强环境教育,提高公民环保意识;加强国际合作,促使发达国家限制污染转移等。在对防范跨国污染转移问题的对策上,我们将着重以征收环境关税作为解决和限制污染转移的办法之一,通过运用局部均衡分析方法探讨征收环境关税解决跨国污染转移的经济效应并且分析供求曲线的变化来探究征收环境关税的可行性。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Contents
• A List of Figures and Tables
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The Literature review
• 1.1.1 Theory analysis
• 1.1.1.1 External diseconomy theory and environmental rent seeking theory
• 1.1.1.2 Relevant theories in reference to the pollution transfer
• 1.1.2 Empirical analysis
• 1.1.2.1 Environmental Kuznets Curve
• 1.1.2.2 The "Pollution Paradise" hypothesis
• 1.1.3 Studies done by researchers at home
• 1.2 Statement of the problem
• 1.3 Significance of this study
• 1.3.1 In theory
• 1.3.2 In practice
• 1.4 Research methodology
• 1.5 Structural arrangement of the thesis
• 1.6 The data explanation
• Chapter 2 Basic Judgment of the Pollution Transfer
• 2.1 Overall status of the pollution transfer
• 2.2 Trends of the pollution transfer
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundation of the Pollution Transfer
• 3.1 Definition of theoretical terms
• 3.2 The theoretical foundation
• 3.2.1 Economic rationality theory
• 3.2.2 Comparative advantage theory
• Chapter 4 The Analysis of the Mechanism and Routes of the Pollution Transfer
• 4.1 The reasons of the pollution transfer
• 4.1.1 Economic explanation of the pollution transfer
• 4.1.2 Immaturity of the countries to solve this problem
• 4.1.3 Possibility for mutual benefits between the two groups
• 4.2 The mode of the pollution transfer
• 4.2.1 Trade transfer
• 4.2.1.1 To export wastes directly
• 4.2.1.2 To transfer polluting products and equipments
• 4.2.1.3 To transfer pollution in a recessive way
• 4.2.2 Industrial investment transfer
• 4.2.3 Biology inbreak
• Chapter 5 The Pollution Transfer Problem in China—A Case Study
• 5.1 Foreign hazardous wastes transferred to China
• 5.1.1 The overall state of hazardous wastes in China
• 5.1.1.1 China's waste imports
• 5.1.1.2 The source countries or regions of the wastes
• 5.1.1.3 China's waste import for recycling
• 5.1.2 Reasons of the wastes transferred to China
• 5.1.3 Impacts of the waste transfer on China
• 5.2 Polluting industries shifted to China
• 5.2.1 The overall state of polluting industries shifted in China
• 5.2.2 Reasons of the polluting industries transferred to China
• 5.2.3 Impacts of the pollution-intensive industries transfer on China
• 5.2.3.1 Positive effects from static angle
• 5.2.3.2 Negative effects from dynamic angle
• Chapter 6 Countermeasures for China to Limit the Pollution Transfer
• 6.1 Strengthening the environmental legislation and enforcement
• 6.1.1 Improving the laws and regulations concerning hazardous wastes
• 6.1.1.1 Perfecting hazardous waste catalogue
• 6.1.1.2 Declaring and registering the activities of hazardous waste
• 6.1.1.3 Regulating duplicated documents system about hazardous waste transfer
• 6.1.1.4 Implementing licensing management system of hazardous wastes
• 6.1.2 Adjusting regulations to control polluting industries
• 6.1.2.1 Establishing evaluation system of environmental influence
• 6.1.2.2 Advancing environmental standard system
• 6.1.2.3 Strengthening the management of polluting industries
• 6.2 Taking advantage of exceptional right of environmental protection and building up domestic "Green Trade Barriers"
• 6.2.1 Making full use of exceptional right of environmental protection
• 6.2.2 Building up domestic "Green Trade Barriers"
• 6.2.2.1.Establishing "Green" technical standards
• 6.2.2.2.Popularizing "Green" labeling system
• 6.2.2.3.Imposing "Green" tariff
• 6.2.2.4.Implementing "Green" sanitary and phytosanitary standards
• 6.2.2.5.Implementing "Green" packaging system
• 6.3 Establishing the environmental tariffs
• 6.4 Reinforcing environmental education and enhancing public environmental consciousness
• 6.5 Strengthening international cooperation to urge the developed countries to limit pollution transfer
• Chapter 7 Conclusion
• Bibliography