Evaluation of a Proposed Landscape Photograph Simulation Method, Urban Green Space Function(s), and Landscape Plants Spectral Features

论文摘要

This study was done in two main parts; the first part in this paper presents results of an attempt to carryout a comprehensive urban green space aesthetic evaluation (visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory factors) and objectively asses a proposed photographing, photograph selection and panel constitution for visual quality evaluation. This was aimed at addressing issues of possible incompetence on the part of photographers in taking photographs for near view scenic beauty evaluation, bias in scene and photograph selection for panel construction and to enhance repeatability of such studies. On site survey technique was employed by administering a questionnaire and conducting simulated assessment of photographs taken using the outline systematic method. The panels had no significant difference in the means of scenic beauty estimate (SBE), an indication that the method used allowed for the difference in observed variation to be due to expected random values of the respective variables. Kendall Tau correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between visible sky and SBE. From the questionnaire survey, auditory, tactile and olfactory qualities were also shown to be important factors that influence environmental preference. Urban open green space was shown to have multiple functions from the users’ context.The second part was the spectral analysis; the ever continuing improvement in digital photography capability unveils its potential to revolutionize remote sensing technology, which promises many users a reduced cost and flexible approaches to remote sensing. The realization of this, however, calls for more or less equal efforts in evaluating and assessing digital photography capability as users perceptively continue to unveil potential

论文目录

• DECLARATION
• DEDICATION
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter I: General introduction
• 1.1 Statement of the Problem
• 1.2 Objectives of the Study
• 1.3 Assumptions of the Study
• 1.4 Limitations of the study
• 1.5 Methodology
• Chapter II: Literature Review
• 2.1 Aesthetic Quality and Multiple Functions of Urban Green Space
• 2.1.1 Chinese gardens
• 2.1.2 Landscape aesthetic quality assessment
• 2.1.3 Landscape functions
• 2.2 Analysis of plant spectral color
• 2.2.1 Plant leaf optical properties
• 2.2.2 Spectrometers
• 2.2.3 Digital photographs and color composites
• 2.2.4 Data normalization
• Chapter III: Aesthetic Quality and Multiple Functions of Urban Green Space from User Perspective and systematic photograph approach
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Methodology
• 3.2.1 Study area
• 3.2.2 Demarcation of the study area and photo stands
• 3.2.3 Vantage positions for photographing stand
• 3.2.4 Repeatable technique for photograph captures and Stand mapping
• 3.2.5 Photos used in Panels
• 3.2.6 Field data collection
• 3.2.7 Photo selection and panel constitution
• 3.2.8 Quantitative opinion survey
• 3.2.9 Visible element/classes and spectrum measurement
• 3.2.10 Statistic analysis
• 3.3 Results
• 3.3.1 Respondents
• 3.3.2 Garden usage/function
• 3.3.3 User preferences
• 3.3.4 Cultural features
• 3.3.5 Origin of plants
• 3.3.6 Auditory factors in the garden
• 3.3.7 Season of visit
• 3.3.8 Olfactory factors in the garden
• 3.3.9 Tactile factors
• 3.3.10 Visual quality estimation
• 3.3.11 Regression
• 3.4 Discussions
• Chapter IV: Analysis of plant spectral color （Red, Green, and Blue） response values using digital camera recorded data for potential landscape plant species discrimination
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Methodology
• 4.2.1 Area of study
• 4.2.2 Camera settings and filters
• 4.2.3 Data acquisition （Photograph capture）
• 4.2.4 Species selection
• 4.2.5 Photo library database
• 4.2.6 Spectral response data generation
• 4.2.7 Data correction
• 4.2.8 Statistical analysis
• 4.3 Results and discussions
• 4.4 Conclusions
• Chapter V: General conclusions and recommendations
• 5.1 Conclusions
• 5.2 Recommendations
• References
• 6.1 PART ONE
• 6.2 PART TWO
• APPENDICES
• Appendix A: Questionnaire
• English versions of questionnaire items
• Chinese versions of questionnaire items
• Appendix B: Sample of best and least ranked photos by respondents
• Appendix C: Landscape plant images taken using different filters