狄奥尼索斯精神的复兴 ——《尤利西斯》的密码

论文摘要

20世纪是神话复兴和神性回归的世纪,众多文学大家倾心于神话创作。詹姆士·乔伊斯在其“天书”《尤利西斯》中用奥德塞这一神话原型去再现社会,表现人生。乔伊斯对希腊神话的运用远不是对神话的简单模仿,他是用在西方文化中占有特殊地位的酒神——狄奥尼索斯式的狂欢精神来表现现代社会的无序和无效,提升现代人的生存价值和意义。不幸的是,酒神精神自苏格拉底倡导理性精神之后,长久处于被压制的状态。然而这一精神在乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中的复兴,成功地弥补了西方文化中的失衡,成为乔伊斯对抗文化霸权、宗教压制、精神禁锢的有力的文化力量。本文通过对神话原型批评理论、文化历史视角和巴赫金狂欢理论的运用,揭示了《尤利西斯》中酒神精神复兴的直接的和隐含的表现形式。第一部分引出酒神形象并指出了其在西方文化史上的重要象征意义以及其受到压抑的境遇。第二部分指出酒神原始的酣醉、乐曲和舞蹈等仪式上的复兴;酒神古老的仪式、狂喜、感官放纵和对永恒的追求演变成现代爱尔兰社会的酒吧文化、民间欢歌乐舞、“怪诞身体”和“狂欢时空体”。第三部分借助巴赫金的狂欢文学理论,揭示酒神精神在乔伊斯叙述手法上的复兴;酒神对日神霸权的反抗演变成现代文本中对精神自由的追求和反抗强权的勇气。第四部分探讨了乔伊斯对音乐思维和语言的应用,指出其最终目的在于实现酒神精神在整个爱尔兰社会中的复兴。《尤利西斯》批评历经近百年,囊括了史实考证、人物传记、文本细读及文化批评等多种解读方法。本文提出的酒神精神的复兴这一全新视角,对其词语迷宫进行解码,进而全面解读其深层意义。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• English Abstract
• Chinese Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• Chapter Two Dionysian Carnivalesque Spirit in Western Cultures
• 2.1 Birth of Dionysus as a Canivalesque God
• 2.2 Dionysus as a Carnival Symbol in Western Culture
• 2.3 Collective Suppression of Dionysian Spirit since Socrates
• Chapter Three Dionysian Revival in the Modern Irish Context
• 3.1 Direct Dionysian Manifestations in Ulysses
• 3.1.1 Dionysian Intoxication and Modern Bar Cultures
• 3.1.2 Dionysian Rituals and Modern Ballads and Dances
• 3.1.3 Dionysian Sensual Abandon and the Culture of Obscenity
• 3.2 Dionysian Revival as a De-constructing Power in the Modern Irish Context
• 3.2.1 “Mulligan”as a Modern Dionysian Figure
• 3.2.2 Grotesque Body as a De-constructing Power
• 3.2.3 Dionysian Escapement to the “Womb of Being”and Chronotope
• 3.2.3.1 “Other World”and Bloom’s Escapement from Reality
• 3.2.3.2 “Carnival Squares”in Ulysses
• 3.2.4 Dionysian Gaiety as Joyce’s Gift for His Countryman
• Chapter Four Dionysian Revival in Joyce’s Narration
• 4.1 Dionysian Author of Joyce
• 4.2 Parody and the Dionysian Subversion
• 4.2.1 Parody of Homeric Odyssey and Anti-literature Hegemony
• 4.2.2 Parody of Catechism and Anti-Catholicism
• 4.2.3 Parody of Irish Songs and Anti-sentimentalism
• 4.3 Polyphony, Dialogism and Literature Democracy
• 4.3.1 Polyphony and Its Numerous Voices
• 4.3.2 Dialogue as One’s Own Psychic Movement
• Chapter Five Impact of the Dionysian Revival on Readers
• 5.1 Music as a Criticism of Life
• 5.1.1 Dionysian Choral Odes
• 5.1.2 Musical Ear Needed in Siren
• 5.2 Filling the Gap—Joyce’s Invitation to Dionysian Carnival
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• References
• Publications