论文摘要
其实我们对本文所讨论的结构并不陌生。历史上许多语法学家就曾对此做过研究,各抒己见。Poutsma 1928年在A Grammar of Late Modern English一书中将其命名为主语驱动;Jesperson将其视为主语分裂;而传统语法的另一位代表Quirk在《英语语法大全》中提出另外一种解释——链接动词结构。尽管语法学家们冠之以不同的名称,但是他们所指出的只是一种语法现象,并没有深入到这种结构的实质。转换语法的创始人Chomsky及其追随者开始注重语言原则的解释充分性。他们努力探索语言的本质。在细致的研究基础之上,他们提出了主语提升这一新的概念。之所以这么命名就是因为主句的主语是由不定式分句的主语提升得来的。汉语中也存在提升结构。而对于英汉提升结构的研究在转换语法框架下已得到了很大的发展。毫无疑问,英汉提升结构存在着异同点。在多数语言学家眼里,这些异同点显得很重要并成为他们所关注的焦点。句法作为语言的三个重要层面之一也是语言学家所关注的。对于一种语言来说,所谓充分的句法就是能够生成正确的结构。同时,也能有助于我们去解释那些不正确的结构。因此,为这些结构的句法提供一个有统一原则的解释是有必要的。显然在句法学领域里研究提升结构也是具有一定理论意义的。本文是在最简方案框架下对于提升结构句法的研究。总体目标是能为英汉提升结构的生成以及整体特点提供一个合理统一的解释,能更清晰地展现和解释英汉提升结构的特征。
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