英语散文汉译的翻译标准 ——忠实、通顺、美

论文摘要

相对于其它文学样式翻译的研究，散文翻译的研究不够深入广泛。原因是多方面的，主要原因来自散文的范围难以清晰界定。再者，由于散文语言常常被以为是不如诗歌语言的地位高。Hilaire Belloc为文学散文翻译制定了6条原则。他认为翻译的本质是异地之魂假借本地之躯的复活(the essence of translating is the resurrection of an alien thing in a native body)。中国翻译界对散文翻译的研究较西方为盛，然而主要是就散文翻译的某个侧面开展的研究。刘士聪先生的“韵味说”和高健先生的“语言个性论”及“风格可译性”研究较为系统和深入，影响广泛。本人以为，迄今为止，有必要对有关研究成果整理综合一下，来丰富林语堂先生的“忠实、通顺、美”翻译思想，以期为英语散文汉译的实践提供指针。本论文共6章．第1章：绪论。第2章：对英语散文进行界定。第3章：把林语堂先生的“忠实、通顺、美”的翻译标准与严复的“信、达、雅”作了对照和对比，来阐明这两种翻译标准之间的联系和区别。第4章：探究林语堂先生对于“忠实”的界定。林语堂对“忠实”从四个方面作了规定。翻译是妥协的艺术，绝对的“忠实”是难以企及的。第5章：探究林语堂先生对于“通顺”的界定。他的界定是很全面的，其中的“翻译要遵循行文之心理”是有创造意义的，利于发挥译入语的优势。第6章：探究林语堂先生对于“美”的界定。提醒我们在散文翻译中注意把握原作的独特韵致，翻译要尽可能曲尽其妙。结论认为：散文翻译有章可循，“忠实、通顺、美”是散文翻译的行之有效的指针，在散文翻译中应尽力把握忠实、通顺、美的协调统一。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Belloc's six general rules
• 1.2 Burton Raffel: The Art of Translating Prose
• 1.3 Gao Jian: the tone and style of prose are translatable
• 1.4 Liu Shicong: "artistic flavor" theory
• 1.5 Recent researches at home
• Chapter 2 English Prose and Its Characteristics
• 2.1 About English prose
• 2.2 The outline history of English literary prose
• 2.2.1 Old English prose
• 2.2.2 From the Renaissance to the 17th century
• 2.2.3 Age of prose---the 18th century
• 2.2.4 The 19th and 20th centuries
• 2.3 The characteristics of English literary prose
• Chapter 3 Lin Yutang's Translation Criteria
• 3.1 Lin Yutang's translation criteria
• 3.2 The comparison between Lin's criteria and those of Yan Fu's
• 3.2.1 Yan Fu: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance
• 3.2.2 Lin applied linguistics and psychology to translation studies in China
• 3.3 The essence of Lin's translation theory is aesthetic equivalence
• 3.3.1 Translation criteria classification
• 3.3.2 Lin: Translation as a fine art
• 3.4 Applying Lin's translation criteria to prose translation
• Chapter 4 In Terms of Fidelity
• 4.1 Various definitions of faithfulness, fidelity or truth
• 4.2 Lin's definitions of fidelity
• 4.3 The specific dimensions of faithfulness, or fidelity
• 4.4 Fidelity is a relative index
• 4.4.1 The conceptual meaning value
• 4.4.2 The formal meaning value
• 4.4.3 The contextual meaning value
• 4.4.4 The stylistic meaning value
• 4.4.5 The figurative meaning value
• 4.4.6 The cultural meaning value
• 4.5 "Translation is a compromise"
• Chapter 5 In Terms of Smoothness
• 5.1 The conception of Lin's smoothness
• 5.2 The feasibility of the three points of smoothness
• 5.2.1 To grasp the psychological process of the author
• 5.2.2 To translate by sentence instead of by word
• 5.2.3 To be natural in Chinese
• Chapter 6 In Terms of Aesthetic Quality
• 6.1 The beauty of the original
• 6.1.1 The innate beauty of the English Language
• 6.1.2 The innate beauty of the Chinese Language
• 6.2 Conveyance of the beauty of the English prose
• 6.2.1 Phonological Level
• 6.2.2 Lexical Level
• 6.2.3 Syntactical level
• 6.2.4 Textual Level
• 6.2.5 Artistic conception transference: Image-G Actualization
• 6.2.6 The reader's response
• Conclusion
• Bibliography