论文摘要
本文以研究中国通货膨胀的货币因素作为出发点,以探讨货币供应量与通货膨胀之间的因果关系为目的,通过具体实证分析2002年1月至2008年4月期间的通货膨胀与各层次货币供应量的相互关系得出M1与通货膨胀存在单向的格兰杰因果关系的结论。在文章结构安排上首先就通货膨胀的定义、度量指标、主要理论及一般的应对策略做了系统性的描述,同时就与货币供应有关的概念如基础货币、货币乘数,具体的划分和它的外生性及内生性做了介绍。然后结合具体数据来概括2002-2008年期间我国货币供应量和物价指数其中包括基础货币,货币乘数、货币量M0、M1和M2的具体情况,以及这段时间内衡量通货膨胀的CPI的变化及一些主要的特点。在以上理论描述和实际数据的结合的基础上,接着用实证分析的手段来确认M0,M1和M2各自同比增长率与CPI同比增长率的关系。得出的结论是在2002年1月到2008年4月期间M0、M2与通货膨胀之间的同比增长率不存在格兰杰因果关系,而M1与通货膨胀的同比增长率则存在格兰杰因果关系。之所以M1同比增长率与通货膨胀同比增长率存在这种因果关系,笔者认为M1是流动性最强的金融资产同时又可以看作是处于流动中的货币量,与物价水平的变化关系最密切。而M0是流通中的现金,虽然流动性很强,但在现今比较发达的支付体系中只是流通货币量的一部分,与物价直接关系不大。而M2不存在这种因果关系,可能因为它作为货币总量的概念,虽然对通货膨胀的长期影响是必然存在的,但流动性相对较低对价格水平的直接作用在这六年多的时间内不是很明显。同时在2002年1月到2008年4月期间货币供应M1增长对通货膨胀变动单向性表明它对于通货膨胀来讲是具有外生性的。但是由于对中国相关研究表明,相对于经济总量的增长,货币供应量是具有内生性特性的,经济产出增长必然伴随着货币的增长。这种相对于通货膨胀的外生性和对产出的内生性特点,使得货币供应的控制本身成为一件非常复杂的事情,在协调促进经济增长和保持币值稳定双目标的货币政策最终目标上可能存在内在的矛盾性。
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