图形—背景理论与中国经典诗歌的意境焦点域

论文摘要

图形／背景理论是认知文体学中的重要内容。任何知觉场都是由图形和背景两个部分组成,“图形”是认知当中较突出的部分,是注意的焦点,“背景”相对于图形来说在认知当中突显程度较低,可看作是图形的环境或在认知上的参照点。人们在感知事物时不能同时感知图形和背景。这就是认知语言学中所谓的“图形／背景分离原则（figure-ground segregation）"。图形-背景分离原则是空间组织上的一个基本认知原则,也是语言组织概念内容的一个基本认知原则。近年来随着认知语言学与文学评论的结合,语言学界出现了一种有用的文学作品解读工具—认知诗学。一些外国学者诸如Stockwell, Tsur利用图形／背景分离原则来研究文学作品,他们的研究注重读者在文学语篇的理解过程中所涉及的心理认知机制,得出图形／背景分离原则是文学文本分析的基本特色。本文首先简要的介绍了认知语言学的发展,尤其是图形/背景理论的发展,其次简要的介绍了意象和意境等这些与诗词有关的重要概念,并综述了在英语和汉语这两种语料中所作的关于图形／背景理论应用的研究。由于图形背景是大脑对空间文体的一种基本知觉现象,图形与背景之间的关系大部分可以理解为是一种空间方位关系和一种凸显关系,因此研究图形背景理论与中国古典诗词意境焦点之间的关系要从图形背景的空间方位关系和两者之间的凸显关系入手。本文以部分中国经典诗词作为研究文本,分析了图形/背景的空间方位关系在中国经典诗词意境的形成的过程中所起到的作用,同时也分析了图形背景之间的凸显关系对意境形成的所起到的影响。并探讨中国经典诗词中形容词的应用对诗词意境理解的作用。对今后中国经典诗歌的研究和赏析提供一个新的视角。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Content
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Background and Significance of the Research
• 1.1.1 Background of the Research
• 1.1.2 Significance of the Research
• 1.2 Overall Structure of the dissertation
• Chapter Two Theoretical Basis Related To the Present Study
• 2.1 The Cognitive Principle of Figure-ground Theory
• 2.2 Main Study about Figure-ground Relation Reflected in Language
• 2.2.1 Application of Figure-Ground Relation reflected in Chinese
• 2.2.2 Application of Figure-Ground Relation reflected in English
• 2.2.3 Research about the application of Figure-ground Relation Based on the Bilingual Corpora
• 2.3 The Development of Cognitive Poetics
• Chapter Three Figure-Ground Relation and Artistic Conception in Classical Chinese Poetry
• 3.1 Analysis of figure and ground in classical Chinese poetry
• 3.2 Images and Artistic Conception in Classical Chinese Poetry
• 3.3 Figure-ground Relation and Artistic Conception of Classical Chinese Poetry
• Chapter Four Application of Figure-ground Theory in Understanding the Focus of Attention of the Artistic Conception in CCP
• 4.1 Analysis of the artistic conception of CCP presented by figure-ground's temporal and spatial relation
• 4.1.1 The artistic conception of CCP presented by figure-ground's temporal relation
• 4.1.2 The artistic conception of CCP presented by figure-ground's spatial relation
• 4.2 The artistic conception of CCP presented by the figure-ground contrast
• 4.3 The artistic conception of CCP presented by the adjectives
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• 附录:攻读硕士期间发表的论文