级转移研究及其对翻译的启示

论文摘要

本文从认知、功能的视角,对级转移现象中的名物化和关系从句进行分析,力图揭示二者得以产生的语言和认知基础,梳理二者在语篇、文体、语用、信息等因素制约下的运作机制,并在此基础上探讨名物化和关系从句的翻译问题,以便总结规律,为译者选择翻译策略提供建设性的建议,为名物化和关系从句翻译的评价提供理论支持。 分析表明,名物化和关系从句的产生是英语句法结构基础上多个认知原则(临近原则、数量原则和经济原则)相互作用的结果,其运作受制于多种因素。名物化可以导致小句成分的‘丢失’、调整与重组,使某些小句成分得以凸显;有利于组织语篇,实现语篇的衔接与连贯;有利于凸显语篇的宏观语义结构,使表达清楚,重点突出;有利于建构某些文体特征,如科技、新闻、法律、广告等文体。名物化在科技文体中的使用同样符合合作原则的要求。另外,名物化的使用可以产生“一致式(congruent expression)”不能产生的预设。关系从句的运作主要受信息因素的制约。限制性定语从句与其主句关系紧密,构成一个信息单位;非限制性定语从句与其主句关系较松散,其本身构成一个信息单位。就与当下话题的关联系/重要性来说,关系从句包含的信息通常次于主句包含的信息。但是,当关系从句以标记形式出现时,其包含的信息往往比其非标记形式包含的信息重要。另外,某些情况下,限制性定语从句具有取消限制功能,并且非限制性关系从句也产生预设。 以上分析为名物化、关系从句的汉译带来了许多启示。关于名物化的翻译,传统的名转动翻译法不失为一种好方法。但是有些情况下,英语名物化最好翻译成汉语的名物化结构,因为这样做可以在译文中保持名物化成分在英语小句内的凸显,实现英语语篇宏观语义结构的再现,有助于译文的衔接与连贯,正确传达原作者的预设,保证文体特征上的“忠实”,达成原作者与汉语读者的合作。关于关系从句的汉译,根本原则是尽量缩小汉语句子中SVO的距离。限制性关系从句,如果不是复杂关系从句,一般可以译成汉语的前置定语,使其与其中心词构成一个信息单位;但是具有取消限制功能的限制性定语从句一般应翻译成汉语的独立小句。非限制性定语从句一般可以

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Rankshift
• 2.1 Theoretical preliminaries
• 2.2 Rankshif
• 2.3 About rankshift
• 2.4 Statement of problems and modification of Halliday's definition of rankshift
• 2.4.1 Statement of problems
• 2.4.2 Modification of Halliday's definition of rankshift
• 2.5 Purpose of the study
• Chapter 3 Rankshift: linguistic and cognitive interpretations
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Syntactic configurations and thought pattern
• 3.2.1 Syntactic configurations
• 3.2.2 Syntactic configurations, thought pattern and translation
• 3.3 Relative clauses and their cognitive motivations
• 3.4 Nominalization, principle of iconic quantity and Principle of Least Effort
• 3.5 Concluding remarks
• Chapter 4 The operating mechanisms of rankshifting
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Nominalization
• 4.3 Nominalization and its operations
• 4.3.1 Intra-clausal operations
• 4.3.2 Textual factors
• 4.3.3 Stylistic factors
• 4.3.4 Pragmatic factors
• 4.3.4.1 Introduction
• 4.3.4.2 Nominalization and Co-operative Principle
• 4.3.4.3 Nominalization and presupposition
• 4.4 Relative clauses
• 4.4.1 Introduction
• 4.4.2 The relationship between relative clauses and their antecedents
• 4.4.3 Relative clauses and specification defeasibility
• 4.4.4 Information unit
• 4.4.5 Informational prominence
• 4.4.6 Presupposition
• 4.5 Concluding remarks
• Chapter 5 Rankshifting in translation
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Nominalization and translation
• 5.2.1 Introduction
• 5.2.2 Translation of nominalizations and presupposition
• 5.2.3 Prominence of nominalizations in translation
• 5.2.4 Translation of nominalizations and prominence of textual semantic macro-structure
• 5.2.5 Decomposition of nominalization in translation
• 5.2.6 Translation of nominalizations and cohesion
• 5.2.7 Translation of nominalizations and stylistic 'faithfulness'
• 5.2.8 Translation of nominalizations and Co-operative Principle
• 5.2.9 A unified account of translation of nominalizations
• 5.3 Translation of relative clauses
• 5.3.1 Introduction
• 5.3.2 M-D principle for translating relative clauses
• 5.3.3 Translation of relative clauses and informational factors
• 5.3.4 Translation of relative clauses and presupposition
• 5.3.5 Translation of relative clauses and specification defeasibility
• 5.4 Concluding remarks
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography