《德伯家的苔丝》中哈代的生态女性主义意识研究

论文摘要

托马斯·哈代是英国文学史上最杰出的作家之一。在哈代的写作生涯中,他对人与自然、男性和女性的关系一直给予高度关注。哈代以其敏锐的洞察力不但洞察到自然和女性之间的亲密关系,并将女性和大自然融合在一起进行描述,以大自然来烘托女性内心的情感世界和命运的变化。而且他将女性和自然看做一个不可分割的整体,从命运角度来讲,这二者同样遭到父权制的践踏和蹂躏。因此,他呼吁重建对女性和自然的尊重,充分体现了他的生态女性主义理想观。本文即尝试运用生态女性主义理论来重新解读和剖析代表哈代最高成就的作品之一《德伯家的苔丝》,探讨小说中所体现的生态女性主义意识以及哈代的生态女性主义理想观,并挖掘其对当代社会的现实意义。首先本文从哈代的个人经历入手,阐述其生态女性主义意识的源头。其次本文将生态女性主义理论观点与小说文本相融合,不但揭示了女主人公苔丝与大自然的亲密契合关系,而且突出体现了哈代对以男性为主导的工业文明对自然造成危害和对父权制社会下男性对女性的残酷压迫的强烈谴责,由此充分展现了哈代的生态女性主义意识。第三,本文通过对文本中人与自然界中生物关系的分析,体现了哈代思想中人与自然形成和谐关系的美好憧憬;本文通过对苔丝女性意识崛起,安琪儿的道德观悔过以及大团圆结局的分析,反映了哈代对男性和女性之间平等和谐关系的希望。最后本文立足于当代,探讨了哈代的生态女性主义理想观在现实社会中的意义,呼吁人们形成人与自然和谐相处的自然观以及建立一个男女平等,两性和谐的人类社会。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1 An Introduction to Thomas Hardy
• 1.2 An Introduction to Hardy’s Works
• 1.3 Synopsis and Significance of the Thesis
• 2. Literature Review
• 2.1 General Introduction to the Research on Hardy and Tess of the D’Urbervilles
• 2.1.1 The Research Abroad
• 2.1.2 The Research at Home
• 3. Theory of Ecofeminism and Origin of Hardy’s Ecofeminist Consciousness
• 3.1 An Overview of Ecofeminism
• 3.2 Origin of Hardy’s Ecofeminist Consciousness
• 3.2.1 Hardy’s Nature Complex and Ecological Consciousness
• 3.2.2 Hardy’s Focus on Women
• 4. Embodiment of Hardy’s Ecofeminist Consciouness in Tess
• 4.1 Hardy’s Condemnation of Male-dominated Capitalist Industrial Civilization
• 4.2 Hardy’s Condemnation of Man’s Oppression on Women
• 4.2.1 Condemnation of Alec’s Sensual Desires
• 4.2.2 Condemnation of Angel’s Wrong Morality
• 4.3 The Affinity between Women and Nature
• 4.3.1 Their Intimate Relation Embodied in terms of Places
• 4.3.1.1 In Vale of Blackmoor
• 4.3.1.2 In Trantridge
• 4.3.1.3 In Talbothays
• 4.3.1.4 In Flintcomb-Ash
• 4.3.1.5 In Stonehenge
• 4.3.2 Their Intimate Relation Embodied in terms of Seasons
• 4.3.2.1 Spring
• 4.3.2.2 Summer
• 4.3.2.3 Autumn
• 4.3.2.4 Winter
• 5. Hardy’s Ecofeminist Ideal and Its Significance in Reality
• 5.1 The Ideal Relation between Man and Nature
• 5.2 The Ideal Relation between Men and Women
• 5.2.1 The Ideal Relation in Tess’s Awakening of Female Consciousness
• 5.2.2 The Ideal Relation in Angel’s Penitence
• 5.2.3 The Ideal Relation in the Reunion Ending
• 5.3 The Significance of Hardy’s Ecofeminist Ideal in Reality
• 5.3.1 The Significance of Harmonious Ecological Concept
• 5.3.2 The Significance of Equality between two Genders
• 6. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements