目前中国花生出口的障碍及原因对策分析

论文摘要

中国目前已成为世界花生的生产、消费和出口大国,花生总产量和出口量均占世界第一,是我国为数不多的具有明显竞争优势的出口创汇农产品,年出口量占世界出口市场的42%。欧美科学家、科研机构和农业部门新近研究证实花生具有平衡膳食,预防心血管病、糖尿病和肥胖,抑制癌症生长和抗衰老的防病保健功能。地中海健康膳食广泛使用花生,美国心脏病学会大力提倡食用花生油,哈佛大学设计出深受欢迎的花生减肥食谱,这些研究和消费引导促使美欧食用花生的消费量连年上升。然而,在国际上具有一定的声誉和竞争优势的中国花生近年来出口形势并不乐观。本文在介绍绿色壁垒和政策壁垒的基础上,进一步分析了目前中国花生出口所面临的日益严峻的制约困境。日本的肯定列表,欧盟的黄曲霉素到岸检验是中国花生企业最棘手的问题,越来越多的到岸超标情况,接连的退货使我国花生出口额持续下滑。此外,花生出口退税的取消以及人民币(相对于美元)的升值也对中国的花生出口造成一定的冲击。为保持中国花生在国际市场上的出口地位,本文针对花生出口受到的制约,从花生种植商,加工出口企业,花生行业以及政府等各方面分析其原因,并在借鉴世界其它花生出口国成功经验的基础上,对上述各相关方提出具体的建议和对策。文章共分五个部分。第一章,介绍中国花生的出口情况,其中包括出口优势和主要的出口市场。第二章,结合国际市场日益高筑的绿色壁垒和政策壁垒对近年来中国花生出口不断出现的退货现象进行分析,同时,对制约出口的其它因素进行简要说明。第三章,从花生种植商,加工出口企业,国际市场以及政府等各方面分析了中国花生出口障碍的主要原因。第四章,主要对其它花生出口国的成功经验进行分析总结,包括美国政府对农业的高度重视以及一系列的优惠补贴措施,阿根廷为提高花生产业的产业化水平所进行的物流改造。第五章,在经验借鉴的基础上,向种植商,加工出口企业和政府部门提出一系列建议。最后,总结全文并指出发展花生产业的战略意义。

论文目录

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Introduction
• Chapter One A Brief Account of Peanut Export Situation in China
• 1.1 The Export Advantages of China's Peanut
• 1.2 The Export Markets of China's Peanut
• 1.3 The Constraints of China's Peanut Export
• Chapter Two The Existing Problems of China's Peanut Export
• 2.1 The Increase of Returned Shipment of Chinese Peanut Exports
• 2.2 Green Trade Barrier
• 2.2.1 Definition of Green Trade Barrier
• 2.2.2 The Impacts of GTB upon China's Peanut Exports
• 2.3 Policy Trade Barriers
• 2.4 Other Constraints of Chinese Peanut Exports
• 2.4.1 The Reduced Profit Margin
• 2.4.2 Low Level Product Mix
• 2.4.3 The Repealing of Export Tax Rebates
• 2.4.3.1 The Background
• 2.4.3.2 The Issue of the Agreement
• 2.4.3.3 The Effect of the Adjustments
• 2.4.3.4 Actions to Be Taken
• 2.4.4 The Appreciation of Chinese Currency to US Dollar
• Chapter Three Main Causes of the Obstacles to China's Peanut Export
• 3.1 Causes on Farmers' Side
• 3.2 Causes on Enterprises' Side
• 3.2.1 Lack of Model Enterprises and Market Leader
• 3.2.2 Not Enough Cohesion Power
• 3.2.3 Insufficient Industrialization
• 3.3 Causes from the International Market
• 3.3.1 The Increasing Green Trade Policies
• 3.3.2 The Barriers of Trade Policies
• 3.4 Causes on Government's side
• 3.4.1 Too Much Reliance on Market Regulation
• 3.4.2 Weak Policy Support
• 3.4.3 Insufficient Support on Peanut Scientific Research
• 3.4.4 No Specialized Peanut Organization National-wide
• Chapter Four Market Analysis of Competing Countries and Their Experience
• 4.1 Peanut Market in America
• 4.1.1 Market Prospects of American Peanut
• 4.1.2 Peanut Industrial Association
• 4.1.2.1 General Description about Industrial Association in America
• 4.1.2.2 Characteristics of American Industrial Association for Agricultural Products
• 4.1.3 Well-established Legislation on Agriculture
• 4.1.4 The Government's Great Attention Paid to Agriculture
• 4.1.5 Scientific and Technological Advantages
• 4.1.6 Complete Marketing Network and Outstanding Marketing Capability
• 4.1.7 Rational Distribution of Industry Structure
• 4.1.8 The Disadvantage in Peanut Cultivation
• 4.2 Peanut Market in Argentina
• 4.2.1 Status Quo of Argentina Peanut Industry
• 4.2.2 Lacking in Variety
• 4.2.3 Logistics Reformation in Peanut Industry
• 4.3 Peanut Market in Holland
• Chapter Five Suggestions and Countermeasures
• 5.1 For Peanut Producers
• 5.1.1 Stabilization of Area under Cultivation
• 5.1.2 Adoption of Improved Varieties and Technologies
• 5.1.3 Joining in Peanut Industrial Association
• 5.2 For enterprises
• 5.2.1 A Correct Attitude on Discrimination Problem
• 5.2.2 Establishing a National-wide Peanut Industry Association
• 5.2.2.1 Provincial Peanut Industrial Associations with Little Influence
• 5.2.2.2 Experience of American Peanut Council
• 5.2.3 Speeding up Logistics Transformation in Peanut Industry
• 5.2.3.1 Present Situation of Logistics in Peanut Industry
• 5.2.3.2 The Limitations of Peanut Natural Drying
• 5.2.3.3 Logistics Transformation Needs to Be Made
• 5.2.4 Improvement in Peanut Processing and Marketing
• 5.2.5 Employing Export Credit Insurance
• 5.2.5.1 Introduction of CECC and Services it Provides
• 5.2.5.2 The Role of Export Credit Insurance
• 5.3 For Governments
• 5.3.1 More Support
• 5.3.1.1 Intensifying Policy Assistance
• 5.3.1.2 Accelerating the Development of Peanut Processing Industry
• 5.3.1.3 New Ways to Strengthen Peanut Market Management
• 5.3.1.4 Expanding Peanut Market
• 5.3.2 Cooperation with Producers and Enterprises
• 5.3.3 Popularizing International Standards
• 5.3.4 Supporting Model Enterprises and Market Leaders
• 5.3.5 Developing Peanut Industrial Associations
• 5.3.5.1 Protective Laws and Regulations
• 5.3.5.2 Favorable Economic Policies
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• 指导教师评语