完形填空解题技巧(SKILLSforCLOSETESTS)

完形填空解题技巧(SKILLSforCLOSETESTS)

四川资中县第二中学文明秀

完形填空(clozetest),又称综合填空,是1953年美国语言学家WilsonTaylor根据格式塔心理学提出的题型,其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。在语言学习者利用已知信息恢复原有完整信息的过程中考查其语言运用能力。此题型不仅能比较准确的考查学生语法、词汇、固定搭配等基础语言知识,同时反映出学生的阅读理解能力,对语境的逻辑判断能力,背景知识和生活常识。

一、完形填空的命题特点

1.高考完形填空试题材料的词汇量比以前有所增加,文章的难度也相应增大,考查由局部理解向整体理解转移,增加了语篇理解的试题,设问角度突出考查对上下文乃至全篇的理解。

2.试题考查点减少了单句层次的试题,淡化语法,而被情景选择所取代。

3.文章体裁仍以记叙文或夹叙夹议为主,选材体现时代性、思想健康。在布空方面以实词为主,其中以动词、名词、形容词、副词为核心,另外,选项具有有效性和干扰性,充分体现语言知识灵活运用的特征。

4.对民族文化和语言背景知识的考查加大。

二、完形填空解题步骤(threestepsofdoingclozetests)

1.Skimandgetthemainidea.

2.Readcarefullyandfillintheblanks.

3.Readagainandchecktheanswers.

三、整理解题思路

1.立足于文章主旨。

Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.(2008安徽卷)

2.立足于逻辑关系。

围绕主旨,段落之间必然前后呼应,句与句之间也必定承前启后,解题时要充分运用这种逻辑关系发现解题提示,而且必要时要视野开阔,从全文角度出发,善于发现首段和末段之间的呼应关系。

Iwasluckily(given)thetablesnotfarfromthekitchen.40___,Istillfeltitalittlehardtocarrytheheavytrays.(2008全国卷I)

40.A.ThereforeB.However

C.OtherwiseD.Finally

3.立足于语言知识。

扎实的语言功底是理解文章的基础,从语篇出发,结合语言知识是制胜的重点。

Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book__36hand.Ofcourse,wemay_37_withourguidebooksthehistoryand(special)developmentsofatownandgettoknowthem.(2008安徽卷)

36.A.inB.atC.byD.on

37.A.writeB.studyC.tellD.remember

4.先易后难,以易解难。

四、完形填空解题技巧(Basicskillsoffillingintheblank)

Skill1:Choosingbyreappearance(词汇复现)

1.原词复现

(2007辽宁)LangLangisaworld-classyoungpianistwhogrewupinShenyang.HewenttoapianoschoolinBeijingwhenhewasjusteight“Youneed,hisfathersaid.“Butifyoudon’tworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”

A.exerciseB.fortune

C.knowledgeD.wealth

2.同根词复现

TheresearcherexaminedthedeadbodiesofthepeoplewhodevelopSARS.The_____isveryimportant.

A.testB.quiz

C.matriculationD.examination

3.近义词、同义词复现

(2008山东)Garth’se-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat___messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.

A.accurateB.urgent

C.briefD.humorous

4.上下义词复现

Somegeographybooksfocusonasmallarea77atownorcity.

A.outsideB.exceptC.asD.like

5.解释型复现

Ournewhouseisvery________formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.

A.adaptableB.comfortableC.convenientD.available

6.反义词复现

Myhusbandusesmybicyclesometimesforshortjourneys.Hesaysitisbetterthanwaitingforabus.Hestilluseshiscarfor_______journeys,butIthinkthatallthissittingdownismakinghimfatandlazy.

A.shorterB.morecomfortable

C.longerD.morepleasant

Skill2:Choosingbycontext(上下文语境)

(2008安徽)Whenwelookatitasawhole,webegintohavesome____,whicheventhebestguidebooksdonotanswer.

A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

Skill3:Choosingbycommonsense/culturalbackground(常识和文化背景)

Themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.

A.thebesthospital

B.thebiggesthospital

C.thenearesthospital

D.thechildren’shospital

Skill4:Choosingbyphrase/idiom、worddistinctions(短语、习语、词语辨析)

1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming___.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.

A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall

2)Whenitwas5:00PM,Iwasreadytogohome.Iwasabouttoturnoffmycomputer______Ireceivedane-mailfromGarth,myDirector.

A.whileB.whenC.whereD.after

Skill5:Choosingbylogic(逻辑)

常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:

结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly;

逻辑关系:thus,therefore,so;

递进关系:besides,what’smore,further;

转折关系:but,while,however等。

(2007天津)Shehadexcellentgrades,____shealwaysthoughtthatsomethingwasmissing.

A.OrB.SoC.forD.But

Skill6:Choosingbygrammar

(2007辽宁)Whatmadehimsadwas___hispianoteacherinBeijingdidn’tlikehim.

A.WhetherB.whyC.whenD.that

Theskillsoffillingintheblanks:

Skill1:Choosingbyreappearance

Skill2:Choosingbycontext

Skill3:Choosingbycommonsense/background

Skill4:Choosingbyphrase/idiom、worddistinctions

Skill5:Choosingbylogic

Skill6:Choosingbygrammar

总之,完形填空成绩的提高需要全面的基础知识和一定量的练习,但也存在一定的技巧和方法。要形成良好的做题习惯和正确的思维,请遵循:

一看二选三次校,首句信息很重要;

时态文脉全知道,顺藤摸瓜上下照。

十六字方针:上下求索,前呼后应,瞻前顾后,左顾右盼。

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完形填空解题技巧(SKILLSforCLOSETESTS)
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