从认知及语用认知角度看常规及诗性隐喻的翻译

论文摘要

本文综合认知途径及语用认知途径对隐喻及隐喻理解的本质进行了深入剖析。从认知途径来看,隐喻是以另一件事和经验来理解和经历一件事或经验,是从一个范畴域向另一个范畴域的结构映射,归根到底是一种思维方式,是人类认识世界的有力工具。认知途径解释了隐喻意义是源域事物的部分特征向目标域映射的结果,但却没有具体回答人们是如何从字面隐喻拓展到隐喻含义的。而以语境、推理为核心的语用认知途径恰好解释了这一问题。因此,隐喻不仅是语义认知现象,也是一种语用认知现象。本文进一步提出了常规隐喻及诗性隐喻的分类,并从认知及语用认知角度指出其各自的不同。本文还将隐喻的认知及语用认知途径应用到隐喻翻译领域中。从认知角度看,由于隐喻的文化独特性,以目标域及源域互相映射为特点的隐喻产生及理解的心理机制不可能完全在译文中复制,但由于人类相同的认知能力水平,隐喻代表的概念系统是可以在译文中传达的,这就构成了隐喻翻译的第一重标准。从语用认知角度看,隐喻的理解其实就是读者寻找最佳关联的动态过程,是包括语义输入,语境因素,文化因素,认知努力相互作用的过程。因此追求这一动态过程的对等构成了第二重标准。而鉴于读者对常规隐喻、诗性隐喻的理解,即在最佳关联寻找的动态过程中各因素中突显出不同,其在各自的翻译中也应遵循不同的原则,即常规隐喻翻译中应主要采取归化的原则而诗性隐喻翻译中应主要采取异化的原则。但隐喻翻译不仅受读者反映等微观因素的制约,同样受宏观文化因素的影响,本文也针对具体情况提出了相应的翻译策略。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• CONTENTS
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
• LIST OF FIGURES
• LIST OF EQUATIONS
• CHAPTER ONE Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale and Significance of the Study
• 1.2 Research Questions
• 1.3 Research Methodology and Data Collection
• 1.4 Structure of the Thesis
• CHAPTER TWO Literature Review
• 2.1 Studies on Metaphor
• 2.1.1 The Aristotelian View of Metaphor as Transference of Names and the Substitution Theory
• 2.1.2 Interaction View on Metaphor
• 2.1.3 The Cognitive Approach to Metaphor
• 2.1.4 The Pragma-cognitive Approach
• 2.1.4.1 Grice's Conception of Metaphor as an Implicature
• 2.1.4.2 Searle's Approach to Metaphor as an Indiect Speech Act
• 2.1.4.3 Metaphor Viewed in Terms of the Relevance Theory
• 2.1.5 Metaphor Studies in China
• 2.2 Research into Metaphor Translation
• 2.2.1 Metaphor Translation Studies in the West
• 2.2.2 Metaphor Translation Studies in China
• CHAPTER THREE About Metaphor
• 3.1 Nature and Comprehension of Metaphor
• 3.2 Conventional and Novel Metaphors--A Classification in My Study
• CHAPTER FOUR Theoretical Framework
• 4.1 A Cognitive Approach to Metaphor Translation
• 4.1.1 Culture-specificity of Metaphor
• 4.1.2 Primary Standard in Metaphor Translation--Transference of the Conceptual System
• 4.2 A Pragma-cognitive Approach to Metaphor Translation
• 4.2.1 Introduction to Dynamic Equivalence
• 4.2.2 Dynamic Equivalence in Metaphor Translation
• 4.2.3 Equivalence in Terms of Dynamic Relevance-Seeking Process in Metaphor Translation
• CHAPTER FIVE Translation of Conventional and Novel Metaphors
• 5.1 Conventional Metaphor Translation
• 5.1.1 Reproduction of a Corresponding Conventional Metaphor
• 5.1.2 Converting the Conventional Metaphor to Sense
• 5.1.3 Literal Translation
• 5.2 Novel Metaphor Translation
• 5.2.1 Literal Translation
• 5.2.2 Cultural Compensation in Literal Translation
• 5.2.3 Free Translation
• CHAPTER SIX Conclusion
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• ACKNOWLEGEMENT