北京市垃圾填埋场污染风险评价

论文摘要

本文主要对北京市城市固体废物处置场地进行了污染风险评价。评价范围主要是北京市六环以里的区域,其中主要包括石景山、海淀、朝阳、丰台区的郊区和大兴县。经研究发现,由于缺少约束固体废物处理的有关法律法规,在研究区内,特别是郊区,固体废物的随意堆放现象十分严重。因此,利用垃圾填埋场污染风险评价确定由于固体废物的违规处置而引发环境问题非常重要。本文所用的污染风险评价方法为二级法,其中,一级主要是针对评价场地的风险水平进行风险筛分和分级,二级是针对那些风险高出平均风险的场地进行详细地评价。评价工作覆盖了北京市的57个垃圾处置场地。评价结果显示,在所评价的场地中,有90%以上的场地位于单一含水层之上。由于这种含水层介质的主要成分为砂砾石和粘土,有机成分低,该区的渗流区和含水层的自然衰减能力很弱,地下水易受污染。因此,这部分地区的垃圾填埋场地对地下水的污染风险很高。其中,尤为突出的是北京西部的丰台、石景山和海淀的部分地区,这些地区的含水层为潜水含水层,部分地区地下水埋深小于10m。而大兴和朝阳区的含水层则与之不同,它们的大部分含水层为复杂含水层体系,地下水水位较低。单一含水层与复杂含水层之间的过渡带是平原,这种地质构成不能隔断含水层之间的接触,也就是说,在这种区域条件下,即使是深处的含水层也可能由于水力连通的原因而被污染。在永定河沿岸存在大范围的河水冲积扇,其中大部分地区形成了砂、砾石和土壤的矿坑。在没有针对减少渗滤液水量和垃圾填埋场产气量做任何工程防护的情况下,这些矿坑就直接被作为垃圾填埋场而使用,污染地下水的风险很高。数学模拟的修复结果表明,控制污染源并辅助其它修复方法(例如生物修复)具有很好的应用前景。

论文目录

• 1. CHAPTER ONE——General Overview of the Study
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Background Introduction of Beijing
• 1.3 Historical use of Risk Assessment
• 1.4 Topic Selection and its Importance
• 1.5 Methodology
• 1.6 Research Status in China
• 1.7 Study Limitations
• 2. CHAPTER TWO——Literature Review
• 2.1 Global Status of MSW Management
• 2.2 Landfilling waste disposal method
• 2.3 Solid Waste Management in China
• 2.4 Landfill Leachate Pollution
• 2.5 Hazards of Landfill Gas （LFG）
• 2.5.1 Fire and Explosion Hazards
• 2.5.2 Vegetation Damage and Soil Pollution
• 2.5.3 Unpleasant Odors and Air Pollution
• 2.5.4 Global Warming
• 2.6 Introduction to Risk Assessment
• 2.6.1 Relative Hazard Ranking Methods
• 2.6.2 The Source-Pathway-Receptor Concept
• 2.6.3 Tiered Approach to Landfill Risk Assessment
• 2.7 Overview of Pollution Risk Assessment of Landfills
• 2.7.1 Landfill pollution Risk Assessment in USA
• 2.7.2 Landfill pollution Risk assessment in Europe
• 2.7.3 Landfill pollution Risk Assessment in Low-income Countries
• 2.7.4 Landfill pollution and Risk Assessment in China
• 3. CHAPTER THREE——Description of Study Area
• 3.1 Location of Beijing
• 3.1.1 Beijing Administrative Division
• 3.1.2 Hydrology and Weather
• 3.1.3 Topography and Geomorphology
• 3.2 Hydrogeological Conditions of Beijing
• 3.2.1 The alluvial plains of Juma and Dashi Rivers
• 3.2.2 The alluvial plain of Yongding River
• 3.2.3 Alluvial plain of Chaobai River
• 3.2.4 Alluvial of Nankou and the River adjacent to the mountain
• 4. CHAPTER FOUR——Assessment of MSW Disposal Sites
• 4.1 Methodology
• 4.2 Conceptual Model
• 4.3 Risk Scoring and Screening
• 4.3.1 Risk Scoring Tables
• 4.4 Analysis of Source-Pathway-Receptor linkage
• 4.4.1 Assessment of Source
• 4.4.2 Release? Pathway Analysis
• 4.4.3 Potential Receptors
• 4.5 Risk Screening and Ranking
• 4.6 Analysis of Risk Assessment Results
• 4.6.1 Analysis of Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment results
• 4.6.2 Analysis of Surface Water Risk Assessment Results
• 4.6.3 Analysis of Landfill Gas Risk Assessment
• 4.6.4 Analysis of the Overall Risk
• 4.7 Sub Conclusion.
• 5. CHAPTER FIVE——Numerical Prediction & Assessment
• 5.1 Brief Introduction of Beitiantang Landfill Site
• 5.1.1 Hydrogeological Analysis of the Site
• 5.2 Assessment of the status Groundwater Pollution
• 5.3 Numerical Modeling
• 5.3.1 Mathematical Model? Numerical Tools
• 5.3.2 Boundary Conditions
• 5.3.3 Groundwater flow Model Conceptualization and Design
• 5.3.4 Model Calibration
• 5.3.5 Sensitivity Analysis
• 5.4 Contaminant Transport Model Conceptualization and Design
• 5.4.1 Model Calibration
• 5.4.2 Breakthrough Curves
• 5.4.3 Evolution Contaminant Plume
• 5.4.4 Effect of Groundwater Extraction on Contaminant Migration
• 6. CHAPTER SIX——Pollution Control & Remediation Strategies
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Beitiantang Landfill site Specific Strategies
• 6.2.1 Capping
• 6.2.2 Containment? Subsurface Vertical Barriers
• 6.2.3 Slurry Walls
• 6.2.4 Grouts
• 6.2.5 Hydraulic Containment
• 6.3 Bioremediation
• 7. CHAPTER SEVEN——Conclusions and Recommendations
• 7.1 Conclusions
• 7.2 Recommendations
• REFERENCE
• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• APPENDIX
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Landfill Pollution Risk Ranking