论“聚焦于形式”的语言教学对课堂英语口语教学的影响

论文摘要

随着大学英语改革的进行,英语口语教学成为第二语言习得研究中的一个重要课题。广大的教师和研究者不断关注着如何提高学生口语能力,使其达到正确、流利的输出。由于传统的形式语言教学过多地强调语法而缺乏交际意义,以意义为中心的交际教学法被广泛应用来提高口语能力。随着可理解性材料的大量输入和交际机会的增多,英语学习者的听力理解能力和口语流利程度得到了提高；但是,表达的准确性和复杂度还没达到令人满意的程度。这就需要一种结合了语言形式教学和意义教学特点的教学模式一“聚焦于形式”的交际教学模式。而英语口语的学习和教学主要是发生在课堂上,尤其是在小组讨论这一活动中。因此,有必要研究“聚焦于形式”教学模式对在以交际为中心的小组讨论中口语准确性的影响。基于“互动假设”和“注意假设”理论,本研究在两个英语专业一年级的班级中使用不同的教学模式。本研究考察如下问题：1)如何在小组讨论中进行“聚焦于形式”；2)“聚焦于形式”教学模式如何影响小组讨论中的口语准确性。在本研究中,实验班在实施“聚焦于形式”教学模式过程中进行有关不同主题的小组讨论,而对照班只进行交际教学法。实验对象的口语输出被MP3记录下来并转成文本用于分析。本研究使用口语和笔试形式的前测和后测来比较实验对象在不同教学模式后口语准确性上的差异。此外,本研究还使用调查问卷来比较“聚焦于形式”的多种手段。研究结果表明：1)“聚焦于形式”可以有效地提高口语表达的准确性；2)在讨论前阶段,“向老师询问我不确定的表达”被研究对象认为最可能提高准确性；3)在讨论中阶段,“我向老师求助使我表达的准确性有提高”被研究对象广泛认可；4)在讨论后阶段,“向老师请教正确表达方式使我表达的准确性有提高”被研究对象所认可；5)在三个阶段中,讨论前的各个手段被认为对提高准确性最有价值；6)研究对象更多地依靠教师来改正错误。通过对结果的讨论,本研究总结了儿点教学启示：1)更正错误对提高准确性是十分必要的；2)澄清目标对提高学生的口语准确性十分重要；3)除了教师更正,学生应该被鼓励去使用其他的更正方式或“聚焦于形式”的手段。

论文目录

Acknowledgements

Abstract

摘要

Chapter Ⅰ Introduction

1.1 Significance of the Study

1.2 The Aim of the Study

1.3 The Overall Structure of the Thesis

Chapter Ⅱ Literature Review

2.1 Necessity to "Focus on Form" in Communicative Tasks

2.1.1 Interpretation of "Focus on Forms" in Traditional Grammar Teaching

2.1.2 Interpretation of "Focus on Meaning" in Modern Communicative Teaching

2.1.3 Necessity to "Focus on Form" as an Integration of "Focus on Forms" and"Focus on Meaning"

2.2 Theoretical Rationale of Focus on Form

2.2.1 The Interaction Hypothesis

2.2.2 The Noticing Hypothesis

2.2.3 The Explicit-Implicit Option

2.3 Carrying out "Focus on Form" Instruction through Communicative GroupDisussion

2.3.1 The Necessity of Communicative Language Teaching Approach

2.3.2 The Necessity of Group Discussion Teaching Method

2.4 Oral English Accuracy

2.4.1 Ways to Measure Accuracy

2.4.2 The Effect of Focus on Form Instruction （FFT） on Oral Accuracy Development

Chapter Ⅲ Methodology

3.1 Subjects

3.2 Research Design

3.2.1 Pretest

3.2.2 Treatment

3.2.3 Posttest

3.2.4 Questionnaire

3.3 Data collection

Chapter Ⅳ Results

4.1 Data Analysis

4.2 Instructional Treatment Influence

4.2.1 English Level of EC and CC before Research

4.2.2 Difference between EC and CC after Performing the Instruction

4.2.3 Awareness of the Target Form

4.3 Questionnaire on Focus on Form

Chapter Ⅴ Discussion

5.1 The Influence of Group Discussion on Accuracy

5.2 The Influence of Focus on Form on Accurate Production

5.2.1 Impact of Focus on Form on Accuracy

5.2.2 Factors to Afect Effectiveness of Focus on Form

5.3 Forms the Subjects Prefer to Attend to

5.3.1 Forms Preferred in Pre-Discussion

5.3.2 Forms Preferred during Discussion

5.3.3 Forms Preferred in Post-Discussion

5.3.4 Forms Addressed in Focus on Form

Chapter Ⅵ Conclusion

6.1 Major Findings of This Study

6.2 Pedagogical Implicatons

6.3 Weaknesses

6.4 Suggested Future Research Dimensions

Bibliography

Appendix Ⅰ Questionnaire

Appendix Ⅱ Sample of Transcription

Appendix Ⅲ Written Posttest

论“聚焦于形式”的语言教学对课堂英语口语教学的影响

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