Un-cooled Infrared Sensor and Digital Image Processing for Guided System

论文摘要

Un-cooled infrared sensor takes an important position in the development of infrared sensor system because it has advantage in low price, light weight and low power consumption. This paper is mainly divided into two parts: about the un-cooled infrared sensor and digital signal processing. The information content of a single image is mainly limited by the spatial and spectral resolution of the imaging system. The image processing methods can overcome this limitation. In order to obtain the both characteristics in a single image, that is high spatial and high spectral resolution, a technique- image fusion can be employed. This paper presents the assessment of image fusion by measuring the quality of enhanced information in fused image. Three measuring methods- Standard Deviation, Entropy and Cross Entropy are employed. These methods are applied on two image fusion algorithms- Weight average pixel method and Laplacian Pyramid method. It also compares the fusion techniques and indicates which technique gives better results.Chapter one introduces the background, development and current situation of uncooled infrared sensor, compared with cool and un-cooled infrared sensor. Chapter two introduces theory of un-cooled infrared sensor, chapter three introduces the bolometer and charged couple device. Chapter four introduces image fusion, image fusion algorithm methods and image fusion evaluation methods. Chapter five introduces indoor and outdoor experiment results and analysis, Chapter six introduces conclusion, innovation and future trend.

论文目录

• Abstract
• Contents
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Military Needs
• 1.2 Development of infrared technique
• 1.3 Development of un-cooled infrared sensor
• 1.3.1 Back ground and development of un-cooled infrared sensor
• 1.3.2 Comparison of cooled and un-cooled infrared sensor
• 1.4 Application of infrared imaging system
• 1.5 Main Research of paper
• 2. Theory of Un-cooled infrared sensor
• 2.1 Principle of un-cooled infrared sensor
• 2.2 Importance thermal isolation structure
• 2.3 Principal of thermal detection mechanism
• 2.3.1 Resistive bolometer
• 2.3.2 Pyroelectric detector and ferroelectric bolometer
• 2.3.3 Thermoelectric detector
• 3. Bolometer and charged couple device
• 3.1 Monolithic silicon micro bolometer
• 3.1.1 Background
• 3.1.2 Micro bolometer model
• 3.1.3 Resistance change in micro bolometer materials
• 3.1.4 Micro bolometer heat balance equation
• 3.1.5 Heat balance of applied bias
• 3.1.6 Calculation of V-I curve
• 3.1.7 Metal like temperature coefficient of resistance
• 3.1.8 Semiconductor like temperature coefficient of resistance
• 3.1.9 Noise equivalent power （NEP）
• 3.1.10 Noise equivalent temperature difference （NETD）
• 3.1.11 Detectivity
• 3.1.12 Electronic read out circuit for two dimensional micro bolometer array
• 3.1.13 Micro bolometer physical design and fabrication
• 3.1.14 One level micro bolometer
• 3.1.15 Two level micro bolometer
• 3.2 Charge couple device （CCD）
• 4. Fusion Image of Infrared and low light level CCD
• 4.1 Development of image fusion
• 4.2 Digital signal processing of fusion image
• 4.3 Image fusion application
• 4.4 Image fusion algorithms
• 4.4.1 Weight averaging pixel method
• 4.4.2 Pyramidal method
• 4.5 Image fusion evaluation and image quality measure method
• 4.5.1 Standard Deviation （SD）
• 4.5.2 Entropy （EN）
• 4.5.3 Cross Entropy （CE）
• 5. Experiment results analysis and algorithm
• 5.1 Indoor experiment results
• 5.1.1 Experiment result analysis （visual）
• 5.1.2 Histogram of images
• 5.1.3 Result of image quality measured method
• 5.2 Outdoor experiment results
• 5.2.1 Experiment result analysis （visual）
• 5.2.2 Histogram of images
• 5.2.3 Result of image quality measured method
• 5.3 Result analysis for indoor and outdoor results
• 6. Conclusion
• 6.1 Summary
• 6.2 Innovation
• 6.3 Future Trend
• Acknowledgement
• Reference
• Appendices
• Appendix-1 Fusion tool MATLAB TOOL M file
• Appendix-2 Infrared image histogram M files
• Appendix-3 Low light level image histograms M file
• Appendix-4 Average fusion image SD and entropy M file
• Appendix-5 Average fusion image cross entropy M file
• Appendix-6 LP fusion image SD and entropy M file
• Appendix-7 LP fusion image cross entropy M file
• Appendix-8 Infrared images SD and entropy M file
• Appendix-9 Low light level image SD and entropy M file