本文主要研究内容
作者张佳凤（2019）在《水田合理耕层指标体系构建及评价方法研究》一文中研究指出：土壤作为植物生长的介质,不仅为植物的生长提供了物理支撑,还为植物的生长提供了水分和必要的养分,合理耕层是土壤物理、化学和生物性质综合作用的结果。水稻作为我国主要的粮食作物之一,水稻的高产稳产关系着国家的安危。水田耕层的合理性与水稻的高产栽培有着密不可分的关系,合理的水田耕层能够使水稻获得充足的养分和水分,能够促进水稻的生长发育,从而获得高产。但是近年来,由于许多不合理的耕作与管理方式造成了水田耕层被破坏,使得耕层变浅、容重增加、有效养分流失等现状,严重制约了水稻的生长发育,进而影响产量的提高。目前对合理耕层的研究比较多,但大多数都集中在合理耕层的构建技术上,对水田合理耕层的评价研究还比较少。因此,对水田耕层合理性进行科学、合理地评价可以为水稻高产栽培及肥沃水田的构建技术提供理论依据,具有重要意义。本研究以贵州水稻生产区安顺市旧州镇、遵义市绥阳县蒲场镇、黔东南三穗县长吉镇以及黔西南兴义市德卧镇和册亨县秧坝镇部分水田为研究对象,对不同水稻产量的水田耕层合理性进行评价研究。运用主成分分析、相关性分析以及变量Norm值来进行指标筛选并建立水田合理耕层指标体系;采用目前在土壤评价中应用比较广泛的评价方法,即模糊综合评价法、改进的内梅罗综合指数法和主成分分析法对研究区水田耕层合理性进行评价,并结合水稻产量对这三种评价方法所评价的结果进行检验,选择合适的评价方法对其他试验田进行耕层合理性评价;然后根据最终评价综合指数,采用聚类分析法对试验田耕层合理性进行等级划分,本研究主要研究结果如下:(1)水田耕层物理性质、化学性质以及生物性质之间存在显著相关性(p<0.05),有机质作为耕层土壤中比较重要的指标,与其他许多指标存在相关性,如与耕层速效钾、碱解氮、全氮等养分指标显著相关,与容重、孔隙度以及微团聚体等物理指标显著相关,也与耕层生物酶活性(转化酶、磷酸酶和脲酶)相关性显著。耕层酶活性与理化性质指标间相关性显著,如脲酶、转化酶和磷酸酶均与耕作层厚度、容重、总孔隙度、毛管持水量和微团聚体等相关性极显著或显著,与碱解氮、全氮等显著相关。耕层理化性质指标间的相关性,全氮、全磷和CEC与耕层容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和毛管持水量等显著相关,速效钾、有效磷与耕层微团聚体显著相关等。(2)运用主成分分析法和计算变量Norm值,再根据耕层指标间的相关性从原始的27个指标中进行筛选。最后筛选出耕作层指标有有机质、速效钾、有效磷、转化酶、CEC、EC、微团聚体(0.25-0.05mm、0.05-0.01mm)和耕作层深度9个土壤指标,犁底层指标有有机质、全磷、容重、脲酶、活性还原性物质、磷酸酶、pH、全钾和犁底层深度9个土壤指标,然后根据筛选出的指标建立水田合理耕层指标体系。(3)采用模糊综合评价法、内梅罗指数法和主成分分析法对水田耕层合理性进行分析评价,从分析结果可以看出,通过内梅罗指数法的变化范围是耕作层0.14-0.55和犁底层0.15-0.38,变化幅度较小;模糊综合评价法为耕作层0.22-0.78和犁底层0.23-0.65,变化幅度次之;主成分分析法为耕作层-1.39-2.27和犁底层-0.62-1.81,变化幅度最大。对评价指数值与水稻产量进行相关性分析,结果显示,随着三种评价方法计算得来的综合指数值的增大,水稻产量呈增加的趋势。通过模糊综合评价法计算的水田耕作层和犁底层综合指数与水稻产量的相关系数为R~2=0.4242和R~2=0.2274,内梅罗指数法的相关系数为R~2=0.3723和R~2=0.1719,主成分分析法的相关系数为R~2=0.3093和R~2=0.161,所以根据评价指数值的变化幅度以及与水稻产量的相关性分析显示,应用模糊综合评价法对水田耕层合理性进行评价更好,更适宜。(4)运用模糊综合评价法以及构建的合理耕层指标体系,对长吉镇和蒲场镇试验田进行耕层合理性评价。长吉镇综合评价结果显示水田耕作层综合指数变化范围是0.31-0.64,犁底层为0.38-0.67,耕作层和犁底层的平均综合指数为0.35-0.65;通过对水稻产量与水田耕作层、犁底层的综合指数以及两者的均值进行相关性分析,结果显示三者均与水稻产量间相关性显著,相关性表达式分别为y=1.8449X+1.0576,R~2=0.9486、y=1.7716X+1.1802,R~2=0.9015和y=1.8772X+8.3175,R~2=0.9394。蒲场镇试验田综合评价结果显示水田耕作层综合指数变化范围是0.25-0.53,犁底层为0.21-0.55,耕作层和犁底层的平均综合指数为0.23-0.54;通过对水稻产量与水田耕作层、犁底层的综合指数以及两者的均值进行相关性分析,结果显示三者均与水稻产量间相关性显著,相关性表达式分别为y=1.6692X+1.1286,R2=0.9413、y=1.4170X+1.8145,R2=0.8995和y=1.6860X+9.5736,R2=0.9626。(5)运用聚类分析法对试验田耕层合理性进行等级划分,从水田耕作层和犁底层平均综合指数聚类分析结果图,对于长吉镇来说,可将试验田耕层合理性可分为4个等级。一级耕层取样点1个,综合指数为0.54,水田耕层合理性高;二级耕层取样点4个,综合指数为0.44、0.42、0.41和0.48,耕层合理性属于中等较高;三级耕层取样点5个,综合指数变化范围是0.32-0.38,耕层合理性较差;四级耕层取样点1个,综合指数为0.23,耕层合理性差。对于蒲场镇来说,也可将试验田分为4个等级,合理性高的一级试验田是样点7,综合指数为0.32-0.38,合理性较高的样点为1、4、5和6,综合指数为0.45、0.49、0.51和0.46,属于合理性较差的三级是样点2,综合指数为0.40,耕作层合理性最差的是样点3号,综合指数为0.35。
Abstract
tu rang zuo wei zhi wu sheng chang de jie zhi ,bu jin wei zhi wu de sheng chang di gong le wu li zhi cheng ,hai wei zhi wu de sheng chang di gong le shui fen he bi yao de yang fen ,ge li geng ceng shi tu rang wu li 、hua xue he sheng wu xing zhi zeng ge zuo yong de jie guo 。shui dao zuo wei wo guo zhu yao de liang shi zuo wu zhi yi ,shui dao de gao chan wen chan guan ji zhao guo jia de an wei 。shui tian geng ceng de ge li xing yu shui dao de gao chan zai pei you zhao mi bu ke fen de guan ji ,ge li de shui tian geng ceng neng gou shi shui dao huo de chong zu de yang fen he shui fen ,neng gou cu jin shui dao de sheng chang fa yo ,cong er huo de gao chan 。dan shi jin nian lai ,you yu hu duo bu ge li de geng zuo yu guan li fang shi zao cheng le shui tian geng ceng bei po huai ,shi de geng ceng bian jian 、rong chong zeng jia 、you xiao yang fen liu shi deng xian zhuang ,yan chong zhi yao le shui dao de sheng chang fa yo ,jin er ying xiang chan liang de di gao 。mu qian dui ge li geng ceng de yan jiu bi jiao duo ,dan da duo shu dou ji zhong zai ge li geng ceng de gou jian ji shu shang ,dui shui tian ge li geng ceng de ping jia yan jiu hai bi jiao shao 。yin ci ,dui shui tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang ke xue 、ge li de ping jia ke yi wei shui dao gao chan zai pei ji fei wo shui tian de gou jian ji shu di gong li lun yi ju ,ju you chong yao yi yi 。ben yan jiu yi gui zhou shui dao sheng chan ou an shun shi jiu zhou zhen 、zun yi shi sui yang xian pu chang zhen 、qian dong na san sui xian chang ji zhen yi ji qian xi na xing yi shi de wo zhen he ce heng xian yang ba zhen bu fen shui tian wei yan jiu dui xiang ,dui bu tong shui dao chan liang de shui tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang ping jia yan jiu 。yun yong zhu cheng fen fen xi 、xiang guan xing fen xi yi ji bian liang Normzhi lai jin hang zhi biao shai shua bing jian li shui tian ge li geng ceng zhi biao ti ji ;cai yong mu qian zai tu rang ping jia zhong ying yong bi jiao an fan de ping jia fang fa ,ji mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa 、gai jin de nei mei luo zeng ge zhi shu fa he zhu cheng fen fen xi fa dui yan jiu ou shui tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang ping jia ,bing jie ge shui dao chan liang dui zhe san chong ping jia fang fa suo ping jia de jie guo jin hang jian yan ,shua ze ge kuo de ping jia fang fa dui ji ta shi yan tian jin hang geng ceng ge li xing ping jia ;ran hou gen ju zui zhong ping jia zeng ge zhi shu ,cai yong ju lei fen xi fa dui shi yan tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang deng ji hua fen ,ben yan jiu zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)shui tian geng ceng wu li xing zhi 、hua xue xing zhi yi ji sheng wu xing zhi zhi jian cun zai xian zhe xiang guan xing (p<0.05),you ji zhi zuo wei geng ceng tu rang zhong bi jiao chong yao de zhi biao ,yu ji ta hu duo zhi biao cun zai xiang guan xing ,ru yu geng ceng su xiao jia 、jian jie dan 、quan dan deng yang fen zhi biao xian zhe xiang guan ,yu rong chong 、kong xi du yi ji wei tuan ju ti deng wu li zhi biao xian zhe xiang guan ,ye yu geng ceng sheng wu mei huo xing (zhuai hua mei 、lin suan mei he niao mei )xiang guan xing xian zhe 。geng ceng mei huo xing yu li hua xing zhi zhi biao jian xiang guan xing xian zhe ,ru niao mei 、zhuai hua mei he lin suan mei jun yu geng zuo ceng hou du 、rong chong 、zong kong xi du 、mao guan chi shui liang he wei tuan ju ti deng xiang guan xing ji xian zhe huo xian zhe ,yu jian jie dan 、quan dan deng xian zhe xiang guan 。geng ceng li hua xing zhi zhi biao jian de xiang guan xing ,quan dan 、quan lin he CECyu geng ceng rong chong 、zong kong xi du 、mao guan kong xi du he mao guan chi shui liang deng xian zhe xiang guan ,su xiao jia 、you xiao lin yu geng ceng wei tuan ju ti xian zhe xiang guan deng 。(2)yun yong zhu cheng fen fen xi fa he ji suan bian liang Normzhi ,zai gen ju geng ceng zhi biao jian de xiang guan xing cong yuan shi de 27ge zhi biao zhong jin hang shai shua 。zui hou shai shua chu geng zuo ceng zhi biao you you ji zhi 、su xiao jia 、you xiao lin 、zhuai hua mei 、CEC、EC、wei tuan ju ti (0.25-0.05mm、0.05-0.01mm)he geng zuo ceng shen du 9ge tu rang zhi biao ,li de ceng zhi biao you you ji zhi 、quan lin 、rong chong 、niao mei 、huo xing hai yuan xing wu zhi 、lin suan mei 、pH、quan jia he li de ceng shen du 9ge tu rang zhi biao ,ran hou gen ju shai shua chu de zhi biao jian li shui tian ge li geng ceng zhi biao ti ji 。(3)cai yong mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa 、nei mei luo zhi shu fa he zhu cheng fen fen xi fa dui shui tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang fen xi ping jia ,cong fen xi jie guo ke yi kan chu ,tong guo nei mei luo zhi shu fa de bian hua fan wei shi geng zuo ceng 0.14-0.55he li de ceng 0.15-0.38,bian hua fu du jiao xiao ;mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa wei geng zuo ceng 0.22-0.78he li de ceng 0.23-0.65,bian hua fu du ci zhi ;zhu cheng fen fen xi fa wei geng zuo ceng -1.39-2.27he li de ceng -0.62-1.81,bian hua fu du zui da 。dui ping jia zhi shu zhi yu shui dao chan liang jin hang xiang guan xing fen xi ,jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao san chong ping jia fang fa ji suan de lai de zeng ge zhi shu zhi de zeng da ,shui dao chan liang cheng zeng jia de qu shi 。tong guo mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa ji suan de shui tian geng zuo ceng he li de ceng zeng ge zhi shu yu shui dao chan liang de xiang guan ji shu wei R~2=0.4242he R~2=0.2274,nei mei luo zhi shu fa de xiang guan ji shu wei R~2=0.3723he R~2=0.1719,zhu cheng fen fen xi fa de xiang guan ji shu wei R~2=0.3093he R~2=0.161,suo yi gen ju ping jia zhi shu zhi de bian hua fu du yi ji yu shui dao chan liang de xiang guan xing fen xi xian shi ,ying yong mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa dui shui tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang ping jia geng hao ,geng kuo yi 。(4)yun yong mo hu zeng ge ping jia fa yi ji gou jian de ge li geng ceng zhi biao ti ji ,dui chang ji zhen he pu chang zhen shi yan tian jin hang geng ceng ge li xing ping jia 。chang ji zhen zeng ge ping jia jie guo xian shi shui tian geng zuo ceng zeng ge zhi shu bian hua fan wei shi 0.31-0.64,li de ceng wei 0.38-0.67,geng zuo ceng he li de ceng de ping jun zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.35-0.65;tong guo dui shui dao chan liang yu shui tian geng zuo ceng 、li de ceng de zeng ge zhi shu yi ji liang zhe de jun zhi jin hang xiang guan xing fen xi ,jie guo xian shi san zhe jun yu shui dao chan liang jian xiang guan xing xian zhe ,xiang guan xing biao da shi fen bie wei y=1.8449X+1.0576,R~2=0.9486、y=1.7716X+1.1802,R~2=0.9015he y=1.8772X+8.3175,R~2=0.9394。pu chang zhen shi yan tian zeng ge ping jia jie guo xian shi shui tian geng zuo ceng zeng ge zhi shu bian hua fan wei shi 0.25-0.53,li de ceng wei 0.21-0.55,geng zuo ceng he li de ceng de ping jun zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.23-0.54;tong guo dui shui dao chan liang yu shui tian geng zuo ceng 、li de ceng de zeng ge zhi shu yi ji liang zhe de jun zhi jin hang xiang guan xing fen xi ,jie guo xian shi san zhe jun yu shui dao chan liang jian xiang guan xing xian zhe ,xiang guan xing biao da shi fen bie wei y=1.6692X+1.1286,R2=0.9413、y=1.4170X+1.8145,R2=0.8995he y=1.6860X+9.5736,R2=0.9626。(5)yun yong ju lei fen xi fa dui shi yan tian geng ceng ge li xing jin hang deng ji hua fen ,cong shui tian geng zuo ceng he li de ceng ping jun zeng ge zhi shu ju lei fen xi jie guo tu ,dui yu chang ji zhen lai shui ,ke jiang shi yan tian geng ceng ge li xing ke fen wei 4ge deng ji 。yi ji geng ceng qu yang dian 1ge ,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.54,shui tian geng ceng ge li xing gao ;er ji geng ceng qu yang dian 4ge ,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.44、0.42、0.41he 0.48,geng ceng ge li xing shu yu zhong deng jiao gao ;san ji geng ceng qu yang dian 5ge ,zeng ge zhi shu bian hua fan wei shi 0.32-0.38,geng ceng ge li xing jiao cha ;si ji geng ceng qu yang dian 1ge ,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.23,geng ceng ge li xing cha 。dui yu pu chang zhen lai shui ,ye ke jiang shi yan tian fen wei 4ge deng ji ,ge li xing gao de yi ji shi yan tian shi yang dian 7,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.32-0.38,ge li xing jiao gao de yang dian wei 1、4、5he 6,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.45、0.49、0.51he 0.46,shu yu ge li xing jiao cha de san ji shi yang dian 2,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.40,geng zuo ceng ge li xing zui cha de shi yang dian 3hao ,zeng ge zhi shu wei 0.35。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自贵州大学的张佳凤，发表于刊物贵州大学2019-07-16论文，是一篇关于水田合理耕层论文,指标体系论文,模糊综合评价法论文,改进内梅罗指数法论文,主成分分析法论文,贵州大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自贵州大学2019-07-16论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：水田合理耕层论文; 指标体系论文; 模糊综合评价法论文; 改进内梅罗指数法论文; 主成分分析法论文; 贵州大学2019-07-16论文;