功能翻译理论关照下的旅游文本变译“求信”探析

论文摘要

随着北京申办2008年奥运会的成功以及中国顺利加入世贸组织,外国游客正以前所未有的流量速度涌入中国。据测中国有望将在2020年成为世界位列第一的首选旅游景地。显然,作为交流思想、文化和增进各国了解的有效媒介——旅游翻译尤其是涉及到景点介绍,此时就显得尤为重要。不可否认,不恰当的翻译会时常影响“目的语读者”对文本的顺畅理解,导致交际功能的失败,最终可能会妨碍整个旅游业的发展。翻译实践中出现的新问题急需恰当的理论做出相应的解释和指导。由包括诺德在内的一些德国学者所提出的功能理论正是顺应社会发展和翻译实践的需要,孕育而生的产物。它主张翻译首先是有目的的一种行为活动;在此指导下的翻译策略是可以,甚至是需要变通的;达到交际效果的充分实现是衡量翻译的新标准。本文秉承理论与实践、理论与现实相结合的原则,以语言学方法为基础,同时注重语言外部因素如经济、文化、社会接受度等的研究分析,通过考察功能理论关照下的旅游翻译实践中出现的问题,提出了相应的、“非传统”意义下的变通翻译技法,以期化解翻译实践中的困惑,达到交际翻译中的真正求信。论文第一章首先阐明了旅游从古至今就是一种带有目的性的行为,其文本具有目的性和功能性等鲜明特点。而在翻译实践中,正是由于忽略这些特点引发了一系列的翻译问题。这些问题涉及实际语用、文化负载、语言体系本身和特定文本四个方面。这为展开下面的论述铺垫了一个前提。第二章详细介绍了功能翻译理论的理论框架。作者把它归纳为“四种文本功能”、“三条准则”、“两种翻译策略”和“一个翻译标准”。在此基础上,第三章成为衔接理论与翻译实践的桥梁与纽带。作者深入阐释了功能理论下,主要是在其核心理论“目的论”关照下,旅游文本中的景点介绍具有信息、指示和呼唤功能;正如理论中所述“目的决定策略”,变通方法的运用是不可避免的,它是由交际目的所决定的,即力图满足“目的语读者”的阅读愿望和需求。对景点介绍的翻译实践对比分析及“求信”的变通方法则放在第四章,这也是论文的核心之所在。最后一章则是本篇论文的结论部分:任何理论、任何具体的实践都是与时俱进的,只有适应时代发展做出的变通才是最适当的,旅游翻译实践活动也必然顺应这一规律。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Chapter One Tourism in China and the Current Deficiency in Its Translation
• 1.1 An Overview of Purposeful Tourism Activities in China
• 1.1.1 Historical Retrospection on the Intended Ancient Tourism Activities
• 1.1.2 The Motivated Modern Tourism
• 1.1.2.1 The Significances of Tourist Activities
• 1.1.2.2 Motivations behind the Modern Tourism
• 1.2 Studies on Tourist Literature
• 1.2.1 Scope and Data Collection of Tourist Literature
• 1.2.2 Characteristics of Tourist Literature
• 1.2.2.1 Language Features
• 1.2.2.2 Features in Possession of Functions
• 1.2.2.3 Features in Fulfillment of Purposes
• 1.2.2.4 Cultural Features
• 1.2.2.5 Stylistic Features
• 1.3 The Current Deficiencies in C－E Translation
• 1.3.1 Tentative Analyses of the Current Deficiencies
• 1.3.1.1 Inadequate Awareness of Translation Purpose
• 1.3.1.2 Inadequate Awareness of Text Functions
• 1.3.1.3 Overemphasis on “Equivalence”
• 1.3.2 The Scopes of Translation Problems
• 1.3.2.1 Pragmatic Translation Problems
• 1.3.2.2 Text-specific Problems
• 1.3.2.3 Cultural Translation Problems
• 1.3.3.4 Linguistic Translation Problems
• Chapter Two The Functionalist Theory
• 2.1 The Occurrence of the Functionalist Approach
• 2.1.1 The Influence of Cultural Translation Studies
• 2.1.2 Emerging from the Comparison with “Functional Equivalence”
• 2.2 A Brief Description of Early Functionalist Views of Translation
• 2.3 Concrete Theoretical Skeletons in the Functionalist Theory
• 2.3.1.T hree Principles
• 2.3.1.1 Skopos Rule
• 2.3.1.2 Coherence Rule
• 2.3.1.3 Loyalty Principle
• 2.3.2 The Four Text Functions
• 2.3.3 Two Translational Strategies
• 2.3.4 A Criterion “Adequacy”
• 2.4 On the Application of the Functionalist Theory
• Chapter Three Transposition in C-E Tourist Translation by Functionalist Approaches
• 3.1 Transposition vs. Full-Text Translation
• 3.2 The Classifications of Transposition
• 3.2.1 Transposition in Content
• 3.2.2 Transposition in Style
• 3.2.3 Transposition in Image
• 3.3 Analyses of Parameters for Tourist Translation from the Functionalist Perspectives
• 3.3.1 Analysis of Skopoi
• 3.3.2 Analysis of Text Typology
• 3.3.3 Analysis of Translation Brief
• 3.3.4 Analysis of Norms and Conventions
• 3.3.4.1 Genre Conventions
• 3.3.4.2 General Style Conventions
• 3.3.4.3 Constraints of Cultureme
• 3.3.5 Analysis of Translation Strategy
• Chapter Four Translation Techniques in Transposition for Faithfulness
• 4.1 Concrete Techniques in Transposition
• 4.1.1 Omission
• 4.1.1.1 Omission of the Over-detailed Address and Time
• 4.1.1.2 Omission of the Poetry
• 4.1.1.3 Omission of the Calligraphy
• 4.1.2 Amplification
• 4.1.2.1 Amplification by Supplying Words to Make an Abstract Concept Clear
• 4.1.2.2 Amplification for Fulfilling Referential Aspect
• 4.1.2.3 Amplification by Adding Necessary Background Information
• 4.1.2.4 Amplification by paraphrasing information
• 4.1.3 Restructuring
• 4.1.4 Recasting Translation
• 4.1.4.1 Recasting of Meticulous Description
• 4.1.4.2 Recasting for Connotation
• 4.1.4.3 Recasting Inconsistent Expressions
• 4.1.4.4 Recasting in Graphic Level
• 4.1.5 Rewriting
• 4.1.6 Analogue of Image Extension
• 4.1.7 Dealing with Hypersensitive Information Flexibly
• 4.2 Techniques for Text-specific Problems
• 4.2.1 Adoption of You-form
• 4.2.2 Solutions of Intratextual Incohesion
• 4.2.2.1 Names of Acronym Letters
• 4.2.2.2 Names of Places
• 4.2.2.3 Names of Chinese Dishes
• 4.3 Evaluation of Faithfulness
• 4.3.1 Elimination of Dilemma in Pursuit of Traditional Faithfulness
• 4.3.1.1 Literal Translation vs Free Translation
• 4.3.1.2 Translation, a Science vs an Art
• 4.3.2 Functionalist Faithfulness Oriented Textypology
• 4.3.3 Pluralism of Translation Evaluation
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary
• 5.2 The Suggested Future Researches
• 5.2.1 Justifiable Application of the Functionalist Theory
• 5.2.2 Tourism Translation Changing with Time
• 5.3 Limitations of the Thesis
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• 研究成果