英汉语“容纳”句的句法语义对比研究

论文摘要

本文基于构式语法对英汉语“容纳”句进行句法语义的对比研究。构式语法是从构式出发研究语义和句法的界面理论,其宏观哲学基础是整体大于部分之和。该理论在大量借鉴框架语义学和语言体验性的研究方法的基础上,既研究核心的语言现象也研究边缘的语言现象。构式语法强调构式和动词之间的互动。英汉“容纳”句表达容纳空间和被容纳空间之间的空间对比关系。容纳空间的具体表现形式是处所、器皿、物件和食物等;被容纳空间包括人或者物体。英汉“容纳”句的语义配置是“容纳空间+容纳方式+被容纳空间”,而相应的句法结构为“NP1+谓语+ NP2”,其语义和句法的配对模—构式表达容纳义,这种构式义不能从句子的其它成分中完全推测出来。NP1具有被突显的特性,而NP2表现出弱个体性和非原型性（非自主性和非自立性）。修饰NP1和NP2的数量词分为双数量词、单数量词和零数量词。英汉“容纳”句均受到“容纳空间-容纳方式-被容纳空间”这一高层次语义配置制约和影响的低层次语义配置。英语“容纳”句存在三种低层次语义配置:处所+谓语+受事、处所+谓语+施事和受事+谓语+施事。而相应的汉语“容纳”句存在五种低层次语义配置:处所+谓语+受事、处所+谓语+施事、受事+谓语+施事、工具+谓语+受事和工具+谓语+施事。再者,进入汉语“容纳”句的动词大大多于进入英语“容纳”句的动词。本研究还探讨动词的参与者角色和构式的论元角色融合的规律以及参与者角色如何联结到NP1和NP2的特殊联结规则。进入“容纳”句的动词分为两种:1.与构式义相匹配且动词只是对构式义进行详述; 2.与构式义表面不相匹配,而只有通过构式的压制才能进入构式中。详述就是动词的参与者角色是构式论元角色的具体事例。当动词的参与者角色只是对构式进行详述时,从语义到句法的联接是一一对应的。相反,当动词的参与者角色和构式的论元角色不相匹配时,动词会受到构式压制。压制包括构式赋予动词构式义、给动词增加角色或者倒置动词参与者角色的顺序。这种联接是交叉的联接。最后,本文找寻英汉“容纳”句存在个性和共性的深层原因。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Brief Introduction to the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 1.2 Data and Research Methodology
• 1.3 Working Hypothesis
• 1.4 Layout
• 1.5 Main Contributions
• 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Previous Research on the Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 2.2 Previous Research on the English “Containment”Sentences
• 2.3 Summary
• 3 Theories to be Applied
• 3.1 Construction Grammar
• 3.2 Categorization Theory
• 4 Semantic and Syntactic Properties of the English and Chinese “Containment” Sentences
• 4.1 General Properties of the “Containment”Sentences
• 4.2 Semantic and Syntactic Properties of the English “Containment”Sentences
• 4.2.1 Low-Level Semantic Relations and Syntactic Structures of the English “Containment”Sentences
• 4.2.2 Properties of NP1 in the English “Containment”Sentences
• 4.2.3 Properties of Predicate in the English “Containment”Sentences
• 4.2.4 Properties of NP2 in the English “Containment”Sentences
• 4.3 Semantic and Syntactic Properties of the Chinese “Containment”Sentences ..
• 4.3.1 Low-Level Semantic Relations and Syntactic Structures in the Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 4.3.2 Properties of NP1 in the Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 4.3.3 Properties of Predicate in the Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 4.3.4 Properties of NP2 in the Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 5 Specific Linking Rules of the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 5.1 Specific Linking Rules of the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences Based on the Top-Down Approach
• 5.2 Specific linking rules of the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences from the Bottom-Up Approach
• 5.3 Summary
• 6 Similarities and Dissimilarities of the English and Chinese “Containment” Sentences
• 6.1 Similarities of the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 6.2 Dissimilarities of the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 6.3.U nderlying Reasons of the Similarities and Dissimilarities in the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 6.3.1 Underlying Reasons of the Similarities of the “Containment”Sentences
• 6.3.2 Underlying Reasons of the Dissimilarities in the English and Chinese “Containment”Sentences
• 7 Conclusion
• 7.1 Main Thrust
• 7.2 Main Contributions
• 7.3 Limitations
• Bibliography
• Academic Achievements
• Acknowledgements