词块对大学英语听力理解影响的实验研究

词块对大学英语听力理解影响的实验研究

论文摘要

在中国,英语听力教学越来越受到人们的关注和重视。很多学者和教师采用了许多措施和方法对英语听力教学进行了研究与探讨,教学效果有改善,但却还不尽人意。又鉴于此,作者提出尝试性地把词块法应用于英语听力教学,且希望此研究能有助于大学英语听力教学。词块法是一种新的教学理论,它提供了一个充满前景的教学新方向。词块在二语习得领域的重要性正越来越成为全世界语言学家研究的课题。在过去的三十多年里,词块的研究已经吸引了语言学家的注意。词块法的提出是基于一个事实,外语教学应以培养和发展学生的语用能力为目的。因为它既避免了过于依赖语法又过于依赖交际能力理论的的缺点。作为以语法为基础的教学的替代方法,人们对词块法应用于二语教学产生了极大的兴趣。人们已经发现词块是一种多词现象,是一种固定或半固定结构。词块也就是已经习得的以整体形式储存在大脑中的一串词,可整体或稍作改动后作为预制组块供学习者自动地提取和使用。许多语言学家都对此进行了大量的研究。研究表明,词块教学法对于英语学习者和英语教学具有显著的作用。为了证明词块法用于英语听力教学的优点和可行性,作者把它应用于英语听力教学,并开展了教学实验。此次研究的研究对象即受试者是来自于湖南文理学院两个自然班、非英语专业的76名大一新生。他们的年龄在17到21岁之间。这两个班均由研究者一个人任教。这两个班被任意认定,一个为实验班,一个为控制班,每个班恰好学生都为38名。实验班接受词块法的指导而控制班按照传统的方式进行教学,教学时不强调词块。在两个班同时进行了为期十六周的实验。通过对学生的测试成绩、问卷、课堂观察、访谈等结果进行分析,我们发现:实验班学生的学习成绩明显好于控制班学生;实验班学生在听听力时更有词块意识,能判断、记住和使用词块。实验班的大部分学生认为词块能有助于提高听力理解速度、降低短时记忆负担、扩大短时记忆容量、抓住听力材料的要点。此外,他们对提高英语听力水平更有信心。这些发现表明:具有词块知识的学生英语听力水平更高;词块教学法对培养学生的词块学习和在听力中的应用意识非常有效;而且它有助于提高学生学好英语听力的信心、词块教学法对他们来说是很有帮助的。论文最后部分指出本研究对大学英语教学的启示、局限性以及对未来研究的展望。此研究的重要性在于:为大学英语听力教学提供了有用的理论和具体方法的指导;它对以前的理论研究提供了一个实证;对于学习者来说它能指导他们从一个新的角度有效地学习英语听力。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • 0.1 Background of the Study
  • 0.1.1 The Importance of Listening Comprehension
  • 0.1.2 Current Situation of College Students’Listening
  • 0.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
  • 0.2.1 The Significance of the Study
  • 0.2.2 Purpose of the Study
  • 0.3 Research Hypotheses of the Present Study
  • 0.4 Design of the Study
  • Chapter 1 Literature Review
  • 1.1 Research on Lexical Chunks Abroad
  • 1.1.1 Research on Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.2 The Lexical Approach
  • 1.1.3 Research on Definitions of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.4 Research on Categories of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.5 Research on Characteristics of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.1.6 Research on Functions of Lexical Chunks
  • 1.2 Research on Lexical Chunks at Home
  • 1.3 Lexical Chunks in Listening Comprehension
  • 1.3.1 The Definition of Listening Comprehension
  • 1.3.2 The Nature of Listening Comprehension
  • 1.3.3 The Psychological Process of Listening Comprehension
  • 1.3.4 Lexical Chunks and Listening Comprehension
  • Chapter 2 The Application of Lexical Chunks to the Teaching of English Listening
  • 2.1 Principles of Using Lexical Chunks in the Teaching of English Listening
  • 2.2 How to Raise Learners’Consciousness of Lexical Chunks
  • 2.3 Identification and Acquisition of Lexical Chunks
  • 2.4 The Instructions of Lexical Chunks to the Teaching of English Listening
  • 2.5 The Teaching Procedure of Lexical Chunks in the Teaching of English English Listening
  • Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology
  • 3.1 Participants
  • 3.2 Instruments
  • 3.3 Experiment Procedures
  • 3.3.1 Pretest
  • 3.3.2 Posttest
  • 3.3.3 Classroom Observation
  • 3.3.4 Interview
  • 3.3.5 Questionnaire Survey
  • 3.4 Data Collection
  • Chapter 4 Result Analysis
  • 4.1 The Comparative r of the EC’s and the CC’s Pretest of Listening
  • 4.2 The Comparative Analysis of the EC’s Pretest and Posttest of Listening
  • 4.3 The Comparative Analysis of the EC’s and the CC’s Posttest of Listening
  • 4.4 The Comparative Analysis of the CC’s Pretest and Posttest of Listening
  • 4.5 Result Analysis of the Questionnaire
  • 4.6 Result Analysis of the Interview
  • 4.7 Result Analysis of Classroom Observation
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Acknowledgments
  • Appendix A
  • Appendix B
  • Appendix C
  • Appendix D
  • Appendix E
  • Appendix F
  • 摘要
  • Abstract
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    词块对大学英语听力理解影响的实验研究
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