论文摘要
本文以春石斛(Dedrobium.Pink BEAUTY’Queen’×Dendrobium.Pink GEM’ELEGANCE’)为实验材料,进行春化处理:23±1℃/10±1℃[12h/12h(白天/晚上)],研究低温对春石斛花芽诱导和分化的效应,在不同时间取样,分析测定了叶片中的碳水化合物,植物各内源激素,EST,POD,SOD同工酶活性及酶谱变化,克隆了与植物开花相关的MADS-box家族的基因,D-MADS,并进行了同源比对及进行叶片、叶芽、不同阶段花芽中的半定量RT-PCR分析。主要实验结果如下:(1)春石斛在40d左右完成春化,芽诱导率达98%,且100%的芽为花芽,2~3朵/节的比例高达80%,每枝有14朵以上的花;未完成春化的植株,芽诱导率低,且大部分发育成叶芽。(2)在低温处理过程中,碳水化合物含量发生变化。在处理的前20d,可溶性糖含量显著增加,随后降低,30d后,糖含量继续增加,40d时达到高峰,179.03mg/g。在处理早期(20d内)淀粉含量逐渐降低,处理20d后又显著上升,40d出现高峰,达到632.96mg/g。处理期间,对照淀粉含量几乎保持不变。淀粉含量与可溶性糖含量变化趋势相反,表明糖含量的增加可能来自淀粉的分解。(3)低温处理过程中,玉米素变化呈双峰曲线。分别在20d和35d达到峰值;IAA含量逐渐增加,20d达到高峰(约为60pmol/gFW),并维持到30d,随后降低;赤霉素呈递增趋势,在35d达到最高水平(约为48pmol/gFW),并保持较高水平到45d,随后含量逐渐降低:ABA含量在处理前期(10d内)显著增加,第10d达到最高水平(约为51pmol/gFW),随后下降,并保持较低水平。IAA/Z在5~35d之间有显著的增加,在35d后又大大降低,几乎与对照保持一致。表明植物内源激素与植物开花有着密切的关联。(4)在处理期间,SOD,POD,EST活性随花芽发育有着明显波动。从EST酶谱上看,春化期间有酶带的消失和重现。春化完成时,出现新的酶带(Rf=0.609)。SOD酶带发生较大的变化,春化完成后,Rf=0.400酶带消失。以上表明同工酶与春化存在一定的关系。(5)根据植物cDNA-3’末端序列的特殊性设计引物(引物2:5’-GACTCGAGTC GATCG ATTTT TTTTT TTTTT TTT-3’)进行cDNA一链的合成,并根据MADS-box基因的保守区域设计上游引物(即引物1:5’-GATCAAG(A/C)G(G/C)ATCGAGAA-3’),克隆得到895 bp的片段,序列分析表明该MADS-box基因的cDNA中包含一个738 bp读码框(ORF),是编码246个氨基酸的MADS-box基因,命名为D-MADS。序列多重比较表明D-MADS与球花石斛(Dendrobium thyrsiflorum)的DthyrFL1具有97%的相似性,对应的蛋白序列与拟南芥的AP1蛋白具67%的同源性,与球花石斛蛋白DthyrFL1且具有95%的相似性。通过半定量RT-PCR测定D-MADS在春石斛不同组织和花芽发育不同时期的表达情况,结果显示D-MADS在叶和叶芽中均不表达,但随着花的发育,它的表达不断增强。以上结果进一步表明本实验所克隆的D-MADS基因与春石斛花芽发育密切相关。
论文目录
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