论文摘要
至今,一些语言学家如Beebe(1990)等人对拒绝策略做过较多的研究,但他们大都从不同语言或不同文化的角度来分析拒绝策略,而从性别角度出发的研究很少,特别是对中文中的性别差异研究就更少了。本文通过分析三种不同场合下男女受试者所运用的拒绝策略,研究了中国男女大学生在拒绝邀请时所运用的拒绝策略的差异。作者通过语篇补全法的问卷方式收集了研究材料,在详尽的资料数据分析之后发现男女受试者所使用的拒绝策略存在很大差异。具体数据表明,男女受试大学生所运用的“给出借口/理由/解释”;“表示遗憾/抱歉”等策略的百分比都较高,差异不大。但在其他大部分拒绝策略的使用上都显示了较大的差异。总的来说,女性的拒绝要比男性的拒绝间接委婉,复杂而且详尽;女性的拒绝语言中包含了大量有明显女性特色的词汇如hedge或booster等;男女受试者所表现出来的道歉方式也存在较大差异。所有这些都可以表明女性在拒绝时更注重对方的面子和感受。除了拒绝中的性别差异外,作者还比较了不同场合中的拒绝策略。有两个发现:第一,拒绝对象的性别也是影响拒绝策略的一个重要因素;第二,礼节性拒绝与真实拒绝之间在所给的借口/理由以及直接性方面存在较大差异。作者希望,通过集中分析拒绝这一言语行为,该研究能帮助我们更好地了解自己,了解男女两性在拒绝时所运用的语言差异。
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