本文主要研究内容
作者刘冰肖（2019）在《半芳香族耐高温聚酰胺及其复合材料的制备与性能研究》一文中研究指出：聚酰胺(Polyamide,PA),又称尼龙,是应用最广的工程塑料。其中,脂肪族聚酰胺,如聚己内酰胺(PA6)和聚己二酰己二胺(PA66),它们可以通过低成本的熔融加工方式进行生产,是目前用量最多的聚酰胺。随着表面安装技术无铅焊料概念的提出以及汽车涡轮增压发动机的发展,对材料的耐热性提出了更高的要求。通用的脂肪族聚酰胺熔融温度均低于260℃,因此,已经不能满足以上两个领域的要求。全芳香族聚酰胺,具有优异的热性能和机械强度,被认为是一种高性能聚合物。但是全芳香族聚酰胺高玻璃化转变和熔化温度使其无法通过低成本的熔融方式进行加工,进而限制了其大范围应用。近年来,由于半芳香族聚酰胺结合了脂肪族聚酰胺优异的加工性和全芳香族聚酰胺良好的耐热性而受到越来越多的关注。常见的半芳香族聚酰胺有聚对苯二甲酰己二胺(PA6T)、聚对苯二甲酰壬二胺(PA9T)和聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)等,其中,PA10T是唯一的生物基半芳香族耐高温聚酰胺,这在环境压力较大的今天显得尤为重要。但是,PA10T的熔点(316℃)接近于其热分解温度(350℃),在熔融加工和注塑成型过程中容易发生分解。本文以生物基癸二胺,对苯二甲酸,己二胺和己二酸为原料,通过熔融缩聚法合成了一种新型的具有较宽加工窗口的半芳香族耐高温PA10T/66。接着通过氢核磁共振波谱和傅里叶红外光谱确定了PA10T/66的结构,并对其成盐工序进行了分析,在此基础上,继续探究了聚合温度、聚合时间、聚合压力、搅拌速率、放气时间以及增黏压力等聚合工艺条件对PA10T/66性能的影响,得出了最佳聚合工艺。通过上述得到的最佳聚合工艺我们又合成了不同PA66链段含量的PA10T/66共聚物,并对其物理机械性能、密度、吸水率、吸油率、耐溶剂性和熔融指数等物理化学性能和流动性能进行了研究,结果显示,向PA10T分子链中引入PA66链段可以提高PA10T/66的韧性和流动性。通过差示扫描量热法、热变形温度测试以及热重分析测试对不同PA66链段含量下PA10T/66的热性能进行了研究。结果显示,随着PA66链段含量的增加,PA10T/66的熔融温度下降,而热降解外推起始温度基本没有变化,说明通过向PA10T中引入脂肪族PA66链段来拓宽其加工窗口,改善其加工性能是可行的。然后,利用KissingerAkahira-Sunose(KAS),Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)和Tang等方法确定了PA10T/66的热降解动力学参数和热降解活化能,并通过Coats–Redfern积分法确定了其热降解机理函数类型为R3型(相边界反应(球形))。通过差示扫描量热法对不同PA66链段含量下PA10T/66的等温和非等温结晶动力学做了分析。利用Avrami方程确定了PA10T/66等温结晶过程中的晶体生长方式,并通过Turnbull-Fish方程证实了Avrami方程分析PA10T/66等温结晶动力学的可行性;Hoffman外推法被用来确定不同PA66链段含量下PA10T/66的平衡熔点。接着,利用Jeziorny法分析确定了PA10T/66的非等温结晶过程中的晶体生长方式;通过Mo法研究了不同相对结晶度下PA66链段含量对PA10T/66结晶速率的影响。研究结果显示,等温结晶温度越低,降温速率越大,聚合物结晶速率越快;在等温结晶条件下,PA10T/66的晶体生长方式为盘状(圆板)二维生长;而在非等温结晶条件下,当PA66链段不超过0.07 mol时,PA10T/66的晶体生长方式为盘状(圆板)二维生长,当PA66链段达到0.13 mol时,低降温速率下(5℃/min)PA10T/66的晶体生长方式为纤维(一维)生长,高降温速率下下(10,20,40℃/min),PA10T/66的晶体生长方式仍为盘状(圆板)二维生长;此外,Avrami方程和Jeziorny法,Mo法均适合描述PA10T/66的等温和非等温结晶动力学。通过偏光显微镜对PA10T/66的晶体形貌进行了观察,发现PA10T/66比PA10T有更小的晶粒尺寸和更大的晶粒密度。为了扩大半芳香族耐高温聚酰胺PA10T/66的应用领域和适应市场的需求,我们对其进行了玻璃纤维增强熔融共混改性。以我们合成的PA10T/66和玻璃纤维(glass fibre,GF)为原料,采用熔融共混法制备了PA10T/66/GF复合材料。接着通过场发式扫描电镜对PA10T/66/GF的冲击断面形貌进行了观察,发现玻璃纤维在PA10T/66中分散均匀,玻璃纤维和PA10T/66有良好的相容性。然后通过万能试样机、熔融指数仪、热变形温度测试仪、差示扫描量热仪以及热重分析仪对PA10T/66的物理机械性能、流动性能以及热性能进行了研究,结果显示,随着玻璃纤维含量的增加,PA10T/66/GF的流动性能有所下降,但物理机械性能以及热性能均有大幅度提升。玻璃纤维含量为30%的PA10T/66/GF复合材料兼具较好的流动性、物理机械性能和热性能,其拉伸强度,弯曲强度和弯曲模量较纯PA10T/66分别提高了141%、99%和209%;其在0.45 MPa和1.82MPa载荷下的热变形温度分别达到286℃和244℃,较纯PA10T/66树脂分别提高了52℃和148.8℃。同样,通过差示扫描量热法,并采用Avrami方程、Jeziorny法和Mo法研究了不同玻璃纤维含量下PA10T/66/GF复合材料的等温和非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,玻璃纤维的加入促进了PA10T/66的异相成核,加快了聚合物的结晶速率;在等温和非等温结晶条件下,PA10T/66/GF的晶体生长方式仍为盘状(圆板)二维生长;Avrami方程和Jeziorny法,Mo法均可以用来描述PA10T/66/GF的等温和非等温结晶动力学。
Abstract
ju xian an (Polyamide,PA),you chen ni long ,shi ying yong zui an de gong cheng su liao 。ji zhong ,zhi fang zu ju xian an ,ru ju ji nei xian an (PA6)he ju ji er xian ji er an (PA66),ta men ke yi tong guo di cheng ben de rong rong jia gong fang shi jin hang sheng chan ,shi mu qian yong liang zui duo de ju xian an 。sui zhao biao mian an zhuang ji shu mo qian han liao gai nian de di chu yi ji qi che guo lun zeng ya fa dong ji de fa zhan ,dui cai liao de nai re xing di chu le geng gao de yao qiu 。tong yong de zhi fang zu ju xian an rong rong wen du jun di yu 260℃,yin ci ,yi jing bu neng man zu yi shang liang ge ling yu de yao qiu 。quan fang xiang zu ju xian an ,ju you you yi de re xing neng he ji xie jiang du ,bei ren wei shi yi chong gao xing neng ju ge wu 。dan shi quan fang xiang zu ju xian an gao bo li hua zhuai bian he rong hua wen du shi ji mo fa tong guo di cheng ben de rong rong fang shi jin hang jia gong ,jin er xian zhi le ji da fan wei ying yong 。jin nian lai ,you yu ban fang xiang zu ju xian an jie ge le zhi fang zu ju xian an you yi de jia gong xing he quan fang xiang zu ju xian an liang hao de nai re xing er shou dao yue lai yue duo de guan zhu 。chang jian de ban fang xiang zu ju xian an you ju dui ben er jia xian ji er an (PA6T)、ju dui ben er jia xian ren er an (PA9T)he ju dui ben er jia xian gui er an (PA10T)deng ,ji zhong ,PA10Tshi wei yi de sheng wu ji ban fang xiang zu nai gao wen ju xian an ,zhe zai huan jing ya li jiao da de jin tian xian de you wei chong yao 。dan shi ,PA10Tde rong dian (316℃)jie jin yu ji re fen jie wen du (350℃),zai rong rong jia gong he zhu su cheng xing guo cheng zhong rong yi fa sheng fen jie 。ben wen yi sheng wu ji gui er an ,dui ben er jia suan ,ji er an he ji er suan wei yuan liao ,tong guo rong rong su ju fa ge cheng le yi chong xin xing de ju you jiao kuan jia gong chuang kou de ban fang xiang zu nai gao wen PA10T/66。jie zhao tong guo qing he ci gong zhen bo pu he fu li xie gong wai guang pu que ding le PA10T/66de jie gou ,bing dui ji cheng yan gong xu jin hang le fen xi ,zai ci ji chu shang ,ji xu tan jiu le ju ge wen du 、ju ge shi jian 、ju ge ya li 、jiao ban su lv 、fang qi shi jian yi ji zeng nian ya li deng ju ge gong yi tiao jian dui PA10T/66xing neng de ying xiang ,de chu le zui jia ju ge gong yi 。tong guo shang shu de dao de zui jia ju ge gong yi wo men you ge cheng le bu tong PA66lian duan han liang de PA10T/66gong ju wu ,bing dui ji wu li ji xie xing neng 、mi du 、xi shui lv 、xi you lv 、nai rong ji xing he rong rong zhi shu deng wu li hua xue xing neng he liu dong xing neng jin hang le yan jiu ,jie guo xian shi ,xiang PA10Tfen zi lian zhong yin ru PA66lian duan ke yi di gao PA10T/66de ren xing he liu dong xing 。tong guo cha shi sao miao liang re fa 、re bian xing wen du ce shi yi ji re chong fen xi ce shi dui bu tong PA66lian duan han liang xia PA10T/66de re xing neng jin hang le yan jiu 。jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao PA66lian duan han liang de zeng jia ,PA10T/66de rong rong wen du xia jiang ,er re jiang jie wai tui qi shi wen du ji ben mei you bian hua ,shui ming tong guo xiang PA10Tzhong yin ru zhi fang zu PA66lian duan lai ta kuan ji jia gong chuang kou ,gai shan ji jia gong xing neng shi ke hang de 。ran hou ,li yong KissingerAkahira-Sunose(KAS),Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)he Tangdeng fang fa que ding le PA10T/66de re jiang jie dong li xue can shu he re jiang jie huo hua neng ,bing tong guo Coats–Redfernji fen fa que ding le ji re jiang jie ji li han shu lei xing wei R3xing (xiang bian jie fan ying (qiu xing ))。tong guo cha shi sao miao liang re fa dui bu tong PA66lian duan han liang xia PA10T/66de deng wen he fei deng wen jie jing dong li xue zuo le fen xi 。li yong Avramifang cheng que ding le PA10T/66deng wen jie jing guo cheng zhong de jing ti sheng chang fang shi ,bing tong guo Turnbull-Fishfang cheng zheng shi le Avramifang cheng fen xi PA10T/66deng wen jie jing dong li xue de ke hang xing ;Hoffmanwai tui fa bei yong lai que ding bu tong PA66lian duan han liang xia PA10T/66de ping heng rong dian 。jie zhao ,li yong Jeziornyfa fen xi que ding le PA10T/66de fei deng wen jie jing guo cheng zhong de jing ti sheng chang fang shi ;tong guo Mofa yan jiu le bu tong xiang dui jie jing du xia PA66lian duan han liang dui PA10T/66jie jing su lv de ying xiang 。yan jiu jie guo xian shi ,deng wen jie jing wen du yue di ,jiang wen su lv yue da ,ju ge wu jie jing su lv yue kuai ;zai deng wen jie jing tiao jian xia ,PA10T/66de jing ti sheng chang fang shi wei pan zhuang (yuan ban )er wei sheng chang ;er zai fei deng wen jie jing tiao jian xia ,dang PA66lian duan bu chao guo 0.07 molshi ,PA10T/66de jing ti sheng chang fang shi wei pan zhuang (yuan ban )er wei sheng chang ,dang PA66lian duan da dao 0.13 molshi ,di jiang wen su lv xia (5℃/min)PA10T/66de jing ti sheng chang fang shi wei qian wei (yi wei )sheng chang ,gao jiang wen su lv xia xia (10,20,40℃/min),PA10T/66de jing ti sheng chang fang shi reng wei pan zhuang (yuan ban )er wei sheng chang ;ci wai ,Avramifang cheng he Jeziornyfa ,Mofa jun kuo ge miao shu PA10T/66de deng wen he fei deng wen jie jing dong li xue 。tong guo pian guang xian wei jing dui PA10T/66de jing ti xing mao jin hang le guan cha ,fa xian PA10T/66bi PA10Tyou geng xiao de jing li che cun he geng da de jing li mi du 。wei le kuo da ban fang xiang zu nai gao wen ju xian an PA10T/66de ying yong ling yu he kuo ying shi chang de xu qiu ,wo men dui ji jin hang le bo li qian wei zeng jiang rong rong gong hun gai xing 。yi wo men ge cheng de PA10T/66he bo li qian wei (glass fibre,GF)wei yuan liao ,cai yong rong rong gong hun fa zhi bei le PA10T/66/GFfu ge cai liao 。jie zhao tong guo chang fa shi sao miao dian jing dui PA10T/66/GFde chong ji duan mian xing mao jin hang le guan cha ,fa xian bo li qian wei zai PA10T/66zhong fen san jun yun ,bo li qian wei he PA10T/66you liang hao de xiang rong xing 。ran hou tong guo mo neng shi yang ji 、rong rong zhi shu yi 、re bian xing wen du ce shi yi 、cha shi sao miao liang re yi yi ji re chong fen xi yi dui PA10T/66de wu li ji xie xing neng 、liu dong xing neng yi ji re xing neng jin hang le yan jiu ,jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao bo li qian wei han liang de zeng jia ,PA10T/66/GFde liu dong xing neng you suo xia jiang ,dan wu li ji xie xing neng yi ji re xing neng jun you da fu du di sheng 。bo li qian wei han liang wei 30%de PA10T/66/GFfu ge cai liao jian ju jiao hao de liu dong xing 、wu li ji xie xing neng he re xing neng ,ji la shen jiang du ,wan qu jiang du he wan qu mo liang jiao chun PA10T/66fen bie di gao le 141%、99%he 209%;ji zai 0.45 MPahe 1.82MPazai he xia de re bian xing wen du fen bie da dao 286℃he 244℃,jiao chun PA10T/66shu zhi fen bie di gao le 52℃he 148.8℃。tong yang ,tong guo cha shi sao miao liang re fa ,bing cai yong Avramifang cheng 、Jeziornyfa he Mofa yan jiu le bu tong bo li qian wei han liang xia PA10T/66/GFfu ge cai liao de deng wen he fei deng wen jie jing dong li xue 。jie guo biao ming ,bo li qian wei de jia ru cu jin le PA10T/66de yi xiang cheng he ,jia kuai le ju ge wu de jie jing su lv ;zai deng wen he fei deng wen jie jing tiao jian xia ,PA10T/66/GFde jing ti sheng chang fang shi reng wei pan zhuang (yuan ban )er wei sheng chang ;Avramifang cheng he Jeziornyfa ,Mofa jun ke yi yong lai miao shu PA10T/66/GFde deng wen he fei deng wen jie jing dong li xue 。
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论文作者分别是来自中北大学的刘冰肖，发表于刊物中北大学2019-07-04论文，是一篇关于半芳香族聚酰胺论文,玻璃纤维复合材料论文,熔融缩聚法论文,熔融共混法论文,动力学论文,中北大学2019-07-04论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中北大学2019-07-04论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：半芳香族聚酰胺论文; 玻璃纤维复合材料论文; 熔融缩聚法论文; 熔融共混法论文; 动力学论文; 中北大学2019-07-04论文;