本文主要研究内容
作者贾晋璞（2019）在《大气—叶菜—土壤系统中PAHs的累积特征及暴露风险——以上海市郊区为例》一文中研究指出：多环芳烃（PAHs）是一种广泛存在于大气、水体、土壤等环境介质中,且具有致癌性、致畸性和致基因突变性的持久性有机污染物。环境介质中的PAHs不仅会直接暴露于人体产生健康风险,而且可以在大气、水体、土壤以及生物等介质间迁移转化,通过食物链再次影响人类健康。目前,国内外有较多研究关注于受污染环境中PAHs的环境行为及其健康风险,但有关大气-叶菜-土壤系统中PAHs的暴露行为以及蔬菜中PAHs致癌风险的研究仍较为薄弱。因此,研究蔬菜对大气和土壤中PAHs的吸收累积行为,探讨设施大棚以及大气干湿沉降和受污染土壤对蔬菜吸收累积PAHs的影响,构建大气-叶菜-土壤系统中PAHs在不同界面的迁移归趋模型,优化改进相关物理模型来模拟计算蔬菜从不同途径吸收累积PAHs的贡献量,分析受污染条件下土壤以及摄入不同污染程度蔬菜对人体所造成的健康风险,对有效降低蔬菜中PAHs的污染水平并保证食品安全,促进现代农业的生态绿色可持续发展,以及减少人体暴露PAHs所造成的健康风险具有重要现实意义,还可以为合理规划农业用地提供科学依据。本研究得益于国家自然科学基金项目“城市大气重金属干湿沉降对土壤-蔬菜系统的污染效应”（No.41271472）和上海市自然科学基金项目“城市河岸带磷的生物地球化学过程及其影响机制”（No.12ZR1409000）的资金支持,以上海市常见叶菜类蔬菜为研究对象,运用自然地理学、环境生态学、环境工程学与环境地球化学等研究手段,分别进行了野外调研分析、大田微区蔬菜栽培、蔬菜大棚干沉降与湿沉降实验模拟以及污泥施入盆栽实验。本研究采集了蔬菜、土壤、大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、空气、大气湿沉降、生活污泥和灰尘等样品,利用气相色谱/质谱联用法（GC-MS）测定PAHs在这些介质中的含量,分析了蔬菜大棚对土壤-蔬菜系统吸收累积PAHs的影响,研究了大气干湿沉降及受污染土壤对蔬菜吸收和迁移PAHs的影响,探讨了蔬菜和土壤中PAHs的来源以及蔬菜暴露PAHs不同来源途径的贡献率,揭示了不同污染条件下,蔬菜和土壤中的PAHs对上海市不同年龄段和不同性别群体所造成的健康风险。现主要得出如下结论:（1）上海市典型工业区农田土壤和蔬菜中PAHs的含量受工业类型、相对区位以及风向等因素的影响较大。叶类蔬菜对环境中PAHs的累积作用最强,其次为茎类和果实类蔬菜,食根类蔬菜中PAHs的含量最低。设施大棚可以在一定程度上降低土壤和蔬菜中PAHs的含量。从PAHs的组成结构来看,大棚内外蔬菜和土壤以及湿沉降中颗粒态和溶解态PAHs均以2-3环PAHs为主。蔬菜中PAHs主要来源于吴泾化工厂石化产品的生产过程以及热电厂的煤炭燃烧。土壤中PAHs主要来源与紫凤路的交通污染有一定关系。湿沉降中颗粒态PAHs主要来自石化产品的高温热解以及煤炭燃烧,这与化工厂以及火电厂的烟尘排放有关;湿沉降的溶解态PAHs来源较为复杂,既有石化产品的高温热解以及煤炭燃烧来源,又有石油泄漏来源。（2）不同湿沉降实验设计条件下,蔬菜叶片和菜地土壤中PAHs的含量在蔬菜不同生长阶段具有显著差异性,土壤中PAHs的含量在蔬菜生长幼苗期最高,而蔬菜叶片中PAHs的含量在其生长中期最高。实验结果显示,湿沉降并不会明显促进蔬菜从周围环境中吸收PAHs,反而可能对蔬菜吸收PAHs具有阻碍作用。所有蔬菜均以低环PAHs为主,其次为中环PAHs,高环PAHs平均占比最低。特征比值法显示,土壤中有部分PAHs来源于草、木和煤的高温燃烧,而蔬菜中PAHs的主要来源同样是煤炭的高温燃烧,这主要与湿沉降所携带的PAHs输入有关。（3）干沉降模拟实验条件下,成熟期的蔬菜叶片、蔬菜根、表层土壤以及TSP和空气等介质中PAHs的浓度具有明显差异。蔬菜叶片中PAHs含量高于根部,而土壤中PAHs的平均浓度高于蔬菜叶和根部。从PAHs的组成结构来看,蔬菜叶片、蔬菜根和空气样品中均以2-3环的PAHs为主,土壤、灰尘和TSP中均以4-6环PAHs为主。不同蔬菜品种对PAHs的累积同样具有显著影响,菠菜的PAHs含量最高,青菜与小白菜的含量较少。蔬菜在生长中期的PAHs含量高于幼苗期和成熟期,这与蔬菜的生长稀释效应有关,青菜和生菜叶片中PAHs的浓度随着降尘强度的增加而递增,但菠菜和小白菜中PAHs的浓度随着降尘强度的增加明显降低,这与蔬菜的光合作用、不同蔬菜的生长发育速率、叶片形态结构、叶表面积占比以及干沉降颗粒物对叶片气孔或角质层的影响有关。（4）大气干沉降对土壤中PAHs的累积贡献要大于湿沉降。从不同深度土壤中PAHs的含量水平来看,土壤中的PAHs在表层发生富集,主要与蔬菜根系的生物富集效应以及干沉降的表聚效应有关。土壤的有机质含量以及粒径组成并不是影响PAHs垂向分异的重要因素。设施大棚对气态PAHs进入大棚具有一定的阻碍作用。干沉降模拟条件下棚内气态PAHs的平均含量略低于棚外,而棚内颗粒态PAHs的平均含量明显高于棚外。皮尔逊相关性分析表明,干沉降模拟条件下棚内气态和颗粒态PAHs含量受气温、湿度以及大气压的影响较小。通过对大棚内空气样品中PAHs的气-粒分配系数进行分析,发现5-6环PAHs以吸附作用为主;2-4环的PAHs主要以气态形式存在。PAHs在气态和颗粒态之间的分配主要受其本身理化性质的影响。（5）运用R统计分析软件,根据大棚内不同介质中PAHs的含量,构建了两个具有统计学意义的PAHs迁移归趋模型。结果显示蔬菜叶片中的PAHs主要与气态PAHs、土壤中的PAHs以及大气颗粒态PAHs有关,土壤中PAHs主要来源于模拟实验的大气干沉降灰尘,其次为大量残留在土壤中的蔬菜根茎。土壤中有部分PAHs会通过再悬浮或挥发作用再次进入到空气中,以颗粒态和气态两种形式存在。优化后的物理模型模拟结果显示,蔬菜中PAHs主要来自于叶片对空气中气态PAHs的吸收,占到蔬菜中PAHs两种暴露总量的90.6%;而蔬菜由根部从土壤中吸收的PAHs占暴露总量的9.4%;在干沉降模拟实验的条件下,空气中有4.81 ng/m3的PAHs来自于土壤中PAHs的挥发,占到空气中PAHs含量的13.2%。不同PAH单体被蔬菜吸收的主要途径具有较大差异,log KAW值在-6到-1之间的PAH单体主要通过空气-叶片的途径被蔬菜吸收;而log KOW<4或log KAW>-1的PAH单体则主要通过蔬菜根系被蔬菜吸收;log KAW>-3且log KOW<5的PAH单体更容易从土壤挥发到空气中。蔬菜大棚内各介质中PAHs的来源受模拟降尘的影响较大,主要来源于石油泄漏以及焦化过程中的煤炭燃烧,其次为薪柴燃烧,除此之外也有部分PAHs来源于交通源以及农场中以柴油为燃料的农用机械等。（6）土壤污泥施用盆栽实验条件下蔬菜叶片中PAHs的含量明显低于大气干沉降模拟条件下的含量,而蔬菜根部PAHs的含量明显高于后者。随着污泥施入量的增加,蔬菜根部和叶片中PAHs的含量显著提高。土壤受到污染时,PAHs可以通过土壤-根途径进入到蔬菜叶片中。施入污泥的表层土壤中PAHs的含量会随着时间的推移逐渐降低,主要与蔬菜对土壤中PAHs的吸收以及土壤中PAHs向空气中的挥发有关。（7）运用物理模型对土壤中PAHs的不同来源贡献量进行了模拟计算,发现土壤中污泥施入量的增加会促进蔬菜从土壤中吸收PAHs。不施加污泥的对照组、施加了一倍污泥和两倍污泥的蔬菜中PAHs的含量分别为5.51、9.91和10.14ng/m3。如果用生长环境空气中PAHs的浓度来模拟计算,对照组蔬菜从土壤吸收的PAHs占其PAHs总暴露量的9.2%,施加一倍和两倍污泥的蔬菜从土壤吸收的PAHs分别占其PAHs总暴露量的14.8%和15.6%。另外,由空白对照组土壤、施加一倍污泥和两倍污泥的土壤挥发到空气中的PAHs含量分别为40.83、70.30和74.71 ng/m3。通过对生活污泥施入土壤和蔬菜中PAHs的源解析发现,土壤和蔬菜中的PAHs主要来源于施入的生活污泥。（8）利用终生致癌风险模型计算不同污染条件下不同介质中PAHs的健康风险,发现闵行区紫凤路附近大棚内外的土壤、干沉降模拟条件下的土壤以及污泥施用盆栽实验中的土壤对人体均存在较大的潜在致癌风险,大棚外土壤的致癌风险显著大于大棚内。从不同暴露途径来看,PAHs的致癌风险主要来自于经消化道的暴露,经呼吸道以及皮肤暴露的PAHs所造成的致癌风险较低。紫凤路自然状态下生长的蔬菜对所有人群均存在潜在致癌风险,且大棚外的风险明显高于大棚内。三个模拟实验中,湿沉降条件下的蔬菜所造成的致癌风险高于干沉降,土壤污泥施用条件下生长的蔬菜没有致癌风险。儿童摄入蔬菜PAHs所造成的健康风险高于老年人和青少年人群,且青少年的致癌风险最低。女性的致癌风险要高于男性。不同蔬菜对人体所造成的致癌风险表现为:菠菜>小白菜>生菜>青菜,且摄食菠菜会对儿童、成人以及女性青年造成潜在致癌风险。摄食小白菜会对女性成年人造成潜在致癌风险;食用青菜和生菜不会对任何人群造成致癌风险。
Abstract
duo huan fang ting （PAHs）shi yi chong an fan cun zai yu da qi 、shui ti 、tu rang deng huan jing jie zhi zhong ,ju ju you zhi ai xing 、zhi ji xing he zhi ji yin tu bian xing de chi jiu xing you ji wu ran wu 。huan jing jie zhi zhong de PAHsbu jin hui zhi jie bao lou yu ren ti chan sheng jian kang feng xian ,er ju ke yi zai da qi 、shui ti 、tu rang yi ji sheng wu deng jie zhi jian qian yi zhuai hua ,tong guo shi wu lian zai ci ying xiang ren lei jian kang 。mu qian ,guo nei wai you jiao duo yan jiu guan zhu yu shou wu ran huan jing zhong PAHsde huan jing hang wei ji ji jian kang feng xian ,dan you guan da qi -xie cai -tu rang ji tong zhong PAHsde bao lou hang wei yi ji shu cai zhong PAHszhi ai feng xian de yan jiu reng jiao wei bao ruo 。yin ci ,yan jiu shu cai dui da qi he tu rang zhong PAHsde xi shou lei ji hang wei ,tan tao she shi da peng yi ji da qi gan shi chen jiang he shou wu ran tu rang dui shu cai xi shou lei ji PAHsde ying xiang ,gou jian da qi -xie cai -tu rang ji tong zhong PAHszai bu tong jie mian de qian yi gui qu mo xing ,you hua gai jin xiang guan wu li mo xing lai mo ni ji suan shu cai cong bu tong tu jing xi shou lei ji PAHsde gong suo liang ,fen xi shou wu ran tiao jian xia tu rang yi ji she ru bu tong wu ran cheng du shu cai dui ren ti suo zao cheng de jian kang feng xian ,dui you xiao jiang di shu cai zhong PAHsde wu ran shui ping bing bao zheng shi pin an quan ,cu jin xian dai nong ye de sheng tai lu se ke chi xu fa zhan ,yi ji jian shao ren ti bao lou PAHssuo zao cheng de jian kang feng xian ju you chong yao xian shi yi yi ,hai ke yi wei ge li gui hua nong ye yong de di gong ke xue yi ju 。ben yan jiu de yi yu guo jia zi ran ke xue ji jin xiang mu “cheng shi da qi chong jin shu gan shi chen jiang dui tu rang -shu cai ji tong de wu ran xiao ying ”（No.41271472）he shang hai shi zi ran ke xue ji jin xiang mu “cheng shi he an dai lin de sheng wu de qiu hua xue guo cheng ji ji ying xiang ji zhi ”（No.12ZR1409000）de zi jin zhi chi ,yi shang hai shi chang jian xie cai lei shu cai wei yan jiu dui xiang ,yun yong zi ran de li xue 、huan jing sheng tai xue 、huan jing gong cheng xue yu huan jing de qiu hua xue deng yan jiu shou duan ,fen bie jin hang le ye wai diao yan fen xi 、da tian wei ou shu cai zai pei 、shu cai da peng gan chen jiang yu shi chen jiang shi yan mo ni yi ji wu ni shi ru pen zai shi yan 。ben yan jiu cai ji le shu cai 、tu rang 、da qi zong xuan fu ke li wu （TSP）、kong qi 、da qi shi chen jiang 、sheng huo wu ni he hui chen deng yang pin ,li yong qi xiang se pu /zhi pu lian yong fa （GC-MS）ce ding PAHszai zhe xie jie zhi zhong de han liang ,fen xi le shu cai da peng dui tu rang -shu cai ji tong xi shou lei ji PAHsde ying xiang ,yan jiu le da qi gan shi chen jiang ji shou wu ran tu rang dui shu cai xi shou he qian yi PAHsde ying xiang ,tan tao le shu cai he tu rang zhong PAHsde lai yuan yi ji shu cai bao lou PAHsbu tong lai yuan tu jing de gong suo lv ,jie shi le bu tong wu ran tiao jian xia ,shu cai he tu rang zhong de PAHsdui shang hai shi bu tong nian ling duan he bu tong xing bie qun ti suo zao cheng de jian kang feng xian 。xian zhu yao de chu ru xia jie lun :（1）shang hai shi dian xing gong ye ou nong tian tu rang he shu cai zhong PAHsde han liang shou gong ye lei xing 、xiang dui ou wei yi ji feng xiang deng yin su de ying xiang jiao da 。xie lei shu cai dui huan jing zhong PAHsde lei ji zuo yong zui jiang ,ji ci wei jing lei he guo shi lei shu cai ,shi gen lei shu cai zhong PAHsde han liang zui di 。she shi da peng ke yi zai yi ding cheng du shang jiang di tu rang he shu cai zhong PAHsde han liang 。cong PAHsde zu cheng jie gou lai kan ,da peng nei wai shu cai he tu rang yi ji shi chen jiang zhong ke li tai he rong jie tai PAHsjun yi 2-3huan PAHswei zhu 。shu cai zhong PAHszhu yao lai yuan yu wu jing hua gong an dan hua chan pin de sheng chan guo cheng yi ji re dian an de mei tan ran shao 。tu rang zhong PAHszhu yao lai yuan yu zi feng lu de jiao tong wu ran you yi ding guan ji 。shi chen jiang zhong ke li tai PAHszhu yao lai zi dan hua chan pin de gao wen re jie yi ji mei tan ran shao ,zhe yu hua gong an yi ji huo dian an de yan chen pai fang you guan ;shi chen jiang de rong jie tai PAHslai yuan jiao wei fu za ,ji you dan hua chan pin de gao wen re jie yi ji mei tan ran shao lai yuan ,you you dan you xie lou lai yuan 。（2）bu tong shi chen jiang shi yan she ji tiao jian xia ,shu cai xie pian he cai de tu rang zhong PAHsde han liang zai shu cai bu tong sheng chang jie duan ju you xian zhe cha yi xing ,tu rang zhong PAHsde han liang zai shu cai sheng chang you miao ji zui gao ,er shu cai xie pian zhong PAHsde han liang zai ji sheng chang zhong ji zui gao 。shi yan jie guo xian shi ,shi chen jiang bing bu hui ming xian cu jin shu cai cong zhou wei huan jing zhong xi shou PAHs,fan er ke neng dui shu cai xi shou PAHsju you zu ai zuo yong 。suo you shu cai jun yi di huan PAHswei zhu ,ji ci wei zhong huan PAHs,gao huan PAHsping jun zhan bi zui di 。te zheng bi zhi fa xian shi ,tu rang zhong you bu fen PAHslai yuan yu cao 、mu he mei de gao wen ran shao ,er shu cai zhong PAHsde zhu yao lai yuan tong yang shi mei tan de gao wen ran shao ,zhe zhu yao yu shi chen jiang suo xie dai de PAHsshu ru you guan 。（3）gan chen jiang mo ni shi yan tiao jian xia ,cheng shou ji de shu cai xie pian 、shu cai gen 、biao ceng tu rang yi ji TSPhe kong qi deng jie zhi zhong PAHsde nong du ju you ming xian cha yi 。shu cai xie pian zhong PAHshan liang gao yu gen bu ,er tu rang zhong PAHsde ping jun nong du gao yu shu cai xie he gen bu 。cong PAHsde zu cheng jie gou lai kan ,shu cai xie pian 、shu cai gen he kong qi yang pin zhong jun yi 2-3huan de PAHswei zhu ,tu rang 、hui chen he TSPzhong jun yi 4-6huan PAHswei zhu 。bu tong shu cai pin chong dui PAHsde lei ji tong yang ju you xian zhe ying xiang ,bo cai de PAHshan liang zui gao ,qing cai yu xiao bai cai de han liang jiao shao 。shu cai zai sheng chang zhong ji de PAHshan liang gao yu you miao ji he cheng shou ji ,zhe yu shu cai de sheng chang xi shi xiao ying you guan ,qing cai he sheng cai xie pian zhong PAHsde nong du sui zhao jiang chen jiang du de zeng jia er di zeng ,dan bo cai he xiao bai cai zhong PAHsde nong du sui zhao jiang chen jiang du de zeng jia ming xian jiang di ,zhe yu shu cai de guang ge zuo yong 、bu tong shu cai de sheng chang fa yo su lv 、xie pian xing tai jie gou 、xie biao mian ji zhan bi yi ji gan chen jiang ke li wu dui xie pian qi kong huo jiao zhi ceng de ying xiang you guan 。（4）da qi gan chen jiang dui tu rang zhong PAHsde lei ji gong suo yao da yu shi chen jiang 。cong bu tong shen du tu rang zhong PAHsde han liang shui ping lai kan ,tu rang zhong de PAHszai biao ceng fa sheng fu ji ,zhu yao yu shu cai gen ji de sheng wu fu ji xiao ying yi ji gan chen jiang de biao ju xiao ying you guan 。tu rang de you ji zhi han liang yi ji li jing zu cheng bing bu shi ying xiang PAHschui xiang fen yi de chong yao yin su 。she shi da peng dui qi tai PAHsjin ru da peng ju you yi ding de zu ai zuo yong 。gan chen jiang mo ni tiao jian xia peng nei qi tai PAHsde ping jun han liang lve di yu peng wai ,er peng nei ke li tai PAHsde ping jun han liang ming xian gao yu peng wai 。pi er xun xiang guan xing fen xi biao ming ,gan chen jiang mo ni tiao jian xia peng nei qi tai he ke li tai PAHshan liang shou qi wen 、shi du yi ji da qi ya de ying xiang jiao xiao 。tong guo dui da peng nei kong qi yang pin zhong PAHsde qi -li fen pei ji shu jin hang fen xi ,fa xian 5-6huan PAHsyi xi fu zuo yong wei zhu ;2-4huan de PAHszhu yao yi qi tai xing shi cun zai 。PAHszai qi tai he ke li tai zhi jian de fen pei zhu yao shou ji ben shen li hua xing zhi de ying xiang 。（5）yun yong Rtong ji fen xi ruan jian ,gen ju da peng nei bu tong jie zhi zhong PAHsde han liang ,gou jian le liang ge ju you tong ji xue yi yi de PAHsqian yi gui qu mo xing 。jie guo xian shi shu cai xie pian zhong de PAHszhu yao yu qi tai PAHs、tu rang zhong de PAHsyi ji da qi ke li tai PAHsyou guan ,tu rang zhong PAHszhu yao lai yuan yu mo ni shi yan de da qi gan chen jiang hui chen ,ji ci wei da liang can liu zai tu rang zhong de shu cai gen jing 。tu rang zhong you bu fen PAHshui tong guo zai xuan fu huo hui fa zuo yong zai ci jin ru dao kong qi zhong ,yi ke li tai he qi tai liang chong xing shi cun zai 。you hua hou de wu li mo xing mo ni jie guo xian shi ,shu cai zhong PAHszhu yao lai zi yu xie pian dui kong qi zhong qi tai PAHsde xi shou ,zhan dao shu cai zhong PAHsliang chong bao lou zong liang de 90.6%;er shu cai you gen bu cong tu rang zhong xi shou de PAHszhan bao lou zong liang de 9.4%;zai gan chen jiang mo ni shi yan de tiao jian xia ,kong qi zhong you 4.81 ng/m3de PAHslai zi yu tu rang zhong PAHsde hui fa ,zhan dao kong qi zhong PAHshan liang de 13.2%。bu tong PAHchan ti bei shu cai xi shou de zhu yao tu jing ju you jiao da cha yi ,log KAWzhi zai -6dao -1zhi jian de PAHchan ti zhu yao tong guo kong qi -xie pian de tu jing bei shu cai xi shou ;er log KOW<4huo log KAW>-1de PAHchan ti ze zhu yao tong guo shu cai gen ji bei shu cai xi shou ;log KAW>-3ju log KOW<5de PAHchan ti geng rong yi cong tu rang hui fa dao kong qi zhong 。shu cai da peng nei ge jie zhi zhong PAHsde lai yuan shou mo ni jiang chen de ying xiang jiao da ,zhu yao lai yuan yu dan you xie lou yi ji jiao hua guo cheng zhong de mei tan ran shao ,ji ci wei xin chai ran shao ,chu ci zhi wai ye you bu fen PAHslai yuan yu jiao tong yuan yi ji nong chang zhong yi chai you wei ran liao de nong yong ji xie deng 。（6）tu rang wu ni shi yong pen zai shi yan tiao jian xia shu cai xie pian zhong PAHsde han liang ming xian di yu da qi gan chen jiang mo ni tiao jian xia de han liang ,er shu cai gen bu PAHsde han liang ming xian gao yu hou zhe 。sui zhao wu ni shi ru liang de zeng jia ,shu cai gen bu he xie pian zhong PAHsde han liang xian zhe di gao 。tu rang shou dao wu ran shi ,PAHske yi tong guo tu rang -gen tu jing jin ru dao shu cai xie pian zhong 。shi ru wu ni de biao ceng tu rang zhong PAHsde han liang hui sui zhao shi jian de tui yi zhu jian jiang di ,zhu yao yu shu cai dui tu rang zhong PAHsde xi shou yi ji tu rang zhong PAHsxiang kong qi zhong de hui fa you guan 。（7）yun yong wu li mo xing dui tu rang zhong PAHsde bu tong lai yuan gong suo liang jin hang le mo ni ji suan ,fa xian tu rang zhong wu ni shi ru liang de zeng jia hui cu jin shu cai cong tu rang zhong xi shou PAHs。bu shi jia wu ni de dui zhao zu 、shi jia le yi bei wu ni he liang bei wu ni de shu cai zhong PAHsde han liang fen bie wei 5.51、9.91he 10.14ng/m3。ru guo yong sheng chang huan jing kong qi zhong PAHsde nong du lai mo ni ji suan ,dui zhao zu shu cai cong tu rang xi shou de PAHszhan ji PAHszong bao lou liang de 9.2%,shi jia yi bei he liang bei wu ni de shu cai cong tu rang xi shou de PAHsfen bie zhan ji PAHszong bao lou liang de 14.8%he 15.6%。ling wai ,you kong bai dui zhao zu tu rang 、shi jia yi bei wu ni he liang bei wu ni de tu rang hui fa dao kong qi zhong de PAHshan liang fen bie wei 40.83、70.30he 74.71 ng/m3。tong guo dui sheng huo wu ni shi ru tu rang he shu cai zhong PAHsde yuan jie xi fa xian ,tu rang he shu cai zhong de PAHszhu yao lai yuan yu shi ru de sheng huo wu ni 。（8）li yong zhong sheng zhi ai feng xian mo xing ji suan bu tong wu ran tiao jian xia bu tong jie zhi zhong PAHsde jian kang feng xian ,fa xian min hang ou zi feng lu fu jin da peng nei wai de tu rang 、gan chen jiang mo ni tiao jian xia de tu rang yi ji wu ni shi yong pen zai shi yan zhong de tu rang dui ren ti jun cun zai jiao da de qian zai zhi ai feng xian ,da peng wai tu rang de zhi ai feng xian xian zhe da yu da peng nei 。cong bu tong bao lou tu jing lai kan ,PAHsde zhi ai feng xian zhu yao lai zi yu jing xiao hua dao de bao lou ,jing hu xi dao yi ji pi fu bao lou de PAHssuo zao cheng de zhi ai feng xian jiao di 。zi feng lu zi ran zhuang tai xia sheng chang de shu cai dui suo you ren qun jun cun zai qian zai zhi ai feng xian ,ju da peng wai de feng xian ming xian gao yu da peng nei 。san ge mo ni shi yan zhong ,shi chen jiang tiao jian xia de shu cai suo zao cheng de zhi ai feng xian gao yu gan chen jiang ,tu rang wu ni shi yong tiao jian xia sheng chang de shu cai mei you zhi ai feng xian 。er tong she ru shu cai PAHssuo zao cheng de jian kang feng xian gao yu lao nian ren he qing shao nian ren qun ,ju qing shao nian de zhi ai feng xian zui di 。nv xing de zhi ai feng xian yao gao yu nan xing 。bu tong shu cai dui ren ti suo zao cheng de zhi ai feng xian biao xian wei :bo cai >xiao bai cai >sheng cai >qing cai ,ju she shi bo cai hui dui er tong 、cheng ren yi ji nv xing qing nian zao cheng qian zai zhi ai feng xian 。she shi xiao bai cai hui dui nv xing cheng nian ren zao cheng qian zai zhi ai feng xian ;shi yong qing cai he sheng cai bu hui dui ren he ren qun zao cheng zhi ai feng xian 。
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