从语用学角度看语境在口译过程中的作用

论文摘要

口译这门跨语言、跨文化、跨民族、跨地域的新兴学科已经得到众多研究者和口译教育者的重视。口译研究因此也蓬勃发展起来。近年来，在口译研究中出现新的趋势：即口译逐渐从翻译领域独立出来，不再依附于翻译的理论与实践经验，而是与新兴的前沿学科如心理语言学、认知学、实验语用学等学科联姻。在这些学科的理论支持和实验验证下，口译研究已经开辟了另一个广阔的天地。尽管在这些边缘学科的支撑下，口译研究出现了长足的进展，但更应看到口译研究还徘徊在狭窄的理论和实践领域里，需要拓宽研究方向，深入研究口译的每个环节及其相互关系。本文从语用学的角度，结合传播学的相关理论，探讨语境在口译过程中的作用。语用学在本文中不是传统语言学研究分支的语用研究，而是探讨语境在口译过程中的实际应用和作用。语境在传统功能学派的研究中一直都与语义学息息相关。而且语境的研究一直停留在对语境的分类上，对语境与(口头)话语及篇章的互动关系研究成果甚少。语用学下的语境研究也失于泛泛，缺乏必要的实用性指导。本论文试图超出传统狭隘语用学的领域，将口译过程中言语(不包括身势语)使用的相关因素纳入研究范围，作为语境的要素来进行研究。口译作为一项语际间的跨文化交流，大致可分为译前准备、译中(包括听辨、言语理解)、译后结果与影响这三大步骤。在每一步骤中，语境的相关要素不尽相同，但又相互重合交叉。根据口译的三步骤，大致可将语境分为情境语境，认知语境，以及国际交流语用环境下的三分语境。本文将这些要素提取出来，从口译作为一项交际(传播)行为的角度，论证语境要素在口译过程每一阶段的功能及影响，以便对口译效度的评估及口译培训提供借鉴。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter I Introduction
• 1.1 The Definition of Interpretation
• 1.2 Research Development in Interpretation
• 1.3 The Implication of Context Studies for Interpretation
• Chapter II Interpretation is Communication
• 2.1 Generalization on Communication
• 2.1.1 The Definition of Communication
• 2.1.2 Characteristics and the Process Model of Communication
• 2.2 Interpretation is Communication
• 2.2.1 The Process Model of Interpretation
• 2.2.2 Characteristics of Interpretation
• Chapter III Context: Some Preliminaries
• 3.1 Generalization on the Concept of Context
• 3.1.1 The Definition of Context
• 3.1.2 The History of Context Studies
• 3.1.3 Context is Multifaceted
• 3.2 Context: Static vs. Dynamic
• 3.3 The Fundamental Role of Context in Language Use
• Chapter IV Context of Situation in Interpretation
• 4.1 Variables of Situational Context
• 4.1.1 Intentionality of Interpretation
• 4.1.2 Knowledge of the Subject-matter
• 4.1.3 Knowledge of the Addresser
• 4.1.4 Knowledge of the Addressee
• 4.1.5 Knowledge of the Physical Setting
• 4.1.6 Expectations on the Communicative Effect of Interpretation
• 4.2 The Implication of Context of Situation for Interpretation
• Chapter V Comprehension in Interpretation
• 5.1 Generalization on Language Processing
• 5.1.1 Psychological Mechanism for Language Processing
• 5.1.2 Language Processing Models
• 5.1.3 Perception of Continuous Speech
• 5.2 Process of Language Comprehension in Interpretation
• 5.2.1 Listening in Interpretation
• 5.2.2 The Nature of Language Comprehension in Interpretation from Psychological Dimension
• 5.2.2.1 Psychological Process in Language Comprehension
• 5.2.2.2 The Nature of Language Comprehension in Interpretation
• Chapter VI Relevance Theory and Context
• 6.1 Theoretical Framework of Relevance Theory
• 6.2 Context in Relevance Theory
• 6.2.1 The Definition of Cognitive Context
• 6.2.2 The Dynamic View of Cognitive Context
• 6.2.3 The Implication of Cognitive Context for Interpretation
• Chapter VII A Different Approach to Context: from InternationalCommunication Pragmatics Dimension
• 7.1 Generalization on International Communication Pragmatics
• 7.2 Triple Contextual Categorization of ICP
• 7.2.1 Generalization on Three Contexts
• 7.2.2 Features of Triple Contextual Categorization
• 7.3 The Implication of Triple Contextual Categorization for Interpretation
• 7.3.1 Effectiveness of Communication in Interpretation
• 7.3.2 Failures in Interpretation and Coping Tactics
• 7.3.2.1 Definitions and Classification of Failures in ICP
• 7.3.2.2 Coping Tactics: Discretionary Principle
• 7.3.3 The Implication of Triple Contexts for the Interpreter
• Chapter VIII Conclusions
• Bibliography