论文摘要
随着人口的老龄化,痴呆发病率逐年增高,已经成为国内外医学界研究的重要课题。痴呆的主要类型阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)、血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,VD)和Binswanger病等的早期表现主要是认知功能障碍。研究表明,慢性脑低灌注损伤是导致认知功能障碍的重要原因,是多种疾病发展过程中的一个共同病理过程,最终可导致痴呆,但其损伤机制尚不完全清楚。本研究在成功制备慢性脑缺血致认知功能障碍模型基础上,以ROCK为靶点,探讨ROCK信号转导参与慢性脑缺血致认知功能障碍损伤机制。研究中利用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎(2VO)方法制备大鼠慢性脑缺血模型,Morris水迷宫检测大鼠慢性脑缺血不同时间学习记忆能力,HE染色观察额叶皮层、海马病理变化,MAP2免疫组化观察缺血损伤程度,以评价慢性脑缺血致认知功能障碍模型,进一步采用免疫组化、RT-PCR和Western-blot检测大鼠慢性脑缺血不同时间额叶皮层、海马ROCK2及其下游作用底物肌球蛋白结合亚单位(MBS)和其相关蛋白平滑肌激动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平,采用TUNEL染色技术检测细胞凋亡变化,免疫组化和RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Caspase-3表达,以上实验同时予以ROCK抑制剂(法舒地尔)进行干预。结果显示,慢性脑缺血后大鼠逃避潜伏期和游泳距离延长,学习记忆能力下降,ROCK2及其下游作用底物MBS和其相关蛋白α-SMA表达水平均升高,ROCK2及MBS、α-SMA蛋白及基因表达有相似的变化趋势,ROCK2、MBS表达较α-SMA表达高峰提前,法舒地尔干预后,大鼠逃避潜伏期和游泳距离缩短,ROCK2、MBS及α-SMA表达水平均有不同程度降低。慢性脑缺血可致额叶皮层、海马神经细胞凋亡,凋亡调控基因Caspase-3表达增高,法舒地尔干预后凋亡细胞明显减少,Caspase-3表达明显减低。本研究结果表明ROCK2及其作用底物MBS和其相关蛋白α-SMA可能通过影响细胞凋亡及凋亡调控基因的表达而参与慢性脑缺血后认知功能障碍。提示ROCK转导通路可能成为慢性脑缺血致认知功能障碍防治新的治疗靶点,并为临床ROCK抑制剂(法舒地尔)应用于慢性脑缺血致认知功能障碍防治提供了新的依据。
论文目录
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