本文主要研究内容
作者王建(2019)在《饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡生长性能及肠道健康的影响》一文中研究指出:家禽细菌性疾病多与革兰氏阴性菌有关,如沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。抗生素类生长促进剂(AGPs)的使用对于降低细菌性疾病的风险和促进动物的生长具有重要作用,但长期使用AGPs会导致细菌产生耐药性、畜禽产品药物残留等危害。随着2020年AGPs全面退出饲料促生长类添加剂使用相关政策的明确,寻找新型安全的AGPs替代品成为当务之急。抗菌肽因其多靶点快速抑菌、抗菌谱广、不易使细菌产生耐药性等特性成为AGPs替代品的候选者之一。本试验首先在体外研究抗菌肽Api-PR19的杀菌效果和抗逆性,而后通过在肉鸡饲粮中添加抗菌肽Api-PR19,研究其对肉鸡的生长性能和肠道健康的影响,以期为抗菌肽Api-PR19在肉鸡无抗养殖中的应用提供技术支撑。试验一抗菌肽Api-PR19的体外杀菌活性和抗逆性研究本试验采用大肠杆菌ATCC25922、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028、巴氏杆菌ATCC19427、幽门螺旋杆菌ATCC43504和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923,利用微量稀释法和微生物比浊法,离体检测抗菌肽Api-PR19的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和杀菌效果。以大肠杆菌为指示菌,利用不同温度、pH、蛋白酶处理抗菌肽Api-PR19后,检测其杀菌活性。结果显示:1)抗菌肽Api-PR19对大肠杆菌ATCC25922、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028、巴氏杆菌ATCC19427、幽门螺旋杆菌ATCC43504和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923的MIC分别是0.2、0.4、0.1、0.8和1.6μg/mL;2)抗菌肽Api-PR19在第4 h时,杀菌效能达到最高。1×MIC与10×MIC浓度的抗菌肽Api-PR19相比,杀菌效能并没有显著增加;3)不同温度处理抗菌肽Api-PR19的结果显示,随着温度的升高,抗菌肽Api-PR19的杀菌活性逐渐降低,在80℃时降低到原来杀菌活性的70%左右;不同pH处理抗菌肽Api-PR19的结果显示,随着pH值的降低,抗菌肽Api-PR19的杀菌活性逐渐降低,当pH=2时降低到原来杀菌活性的72%左右;不同蛋白酶处理抗菌肽Api-PR19的结果显示,胃蛋白酶(Pepsin,3000-3500 NFU)、胰蛋白酶(Trypsin,250 NFU)和α-糜蛋白酶(α-chymotrypsin,1200 U)处理抗菌肽Api-PR19后,其杀菌活性分别降低到原来的52%、63%和82%左右。本试验结果表明,抗菌肽Api-PR19在体外对大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌、幽门螺旋杆菌的生长有较好的抑制效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有一定抑制作用。抗菌肽Api-PR19具有耐高温、耐强酸的抗逆性特点,对α-糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶具有较好的抗性,但对胃蛋白酶较为敏感。试验二饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡生长性能的影响本试验选用1日龄艾拔益加(AA)肉鸡630只,随机分为5个处理,每处理7个重复。5个处理分别为:1)对照组(CON)饲喂不含抗生素的基础饲粮;2)抗生素组(AGP)饲喂基础饲粮和4.96 mg/kg恩拉霉素;3)低剂量组(AP1)饲喂基础饲粮和100 mg/kg抗菌肽Api-PR19;4)中剂量组(AP2)饲喂基础饲粮和200 mg/kg抗菌肽Api-PR19;5)高剂量组(AP3)饲喂基础饲粮和300 mg/kg抗菌肽Api-PR19。结果显示:1)饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19显著降低了肉鸡饲养前期(1-21 d)和饲养全期(1-42d)的料重比(P<0.05),对饲养后期的料重比有改善的趋势(0.05<P<0.10),且AP2组的料重比最低;2),饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡胸腺指数、脾脏指数和42 d法氏囊指数无显著性影响,但AP1和AP2组显著降低了肉鸡第21 d法氏囊指数(P<0.05);3)饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡各阶段流感亚型H5抗体水平和第14、21、28 d肉鸡的亚型H9抗体水平无显著改善作用(P>0.05),但显著提高了第7 d肉鸡亚型H9抗体水平;4)由预测肉鸡饲粮中抗菌肽Api-PR19的最适添加水平回归方程得知,饲养前期抗菌肽Api-PR19的最适添加剂量为267.0 mg/kg(R2=0.424),饲养后期的最适添加量为222.9 mg/kg(R2=0.325)。本试验结果表明,饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19能够提高肉鸡生产性能,并为肉鸡早期免疫防线构建与完善起一定促进作用。试验三饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡肠道健康的影响本试验分别于第21和42 d采集肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠道黏膜样品和盲肠食糜样品。用4%的多聚甲醛固定第21和42 d冲洗后的十二指肠、空肠和回肠,固定好的肠段制成切片,经过苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,检测肠道形态;黏膜样品通过RT-qPCR技术测定肠道葡萄糖转运载体和氨基酸转运载体的mRNA表达水平;通过免疫组化检测分泌型免疫球蛋白(sIgA)在各肠段的表达情况;通过微生物的绝对定量,检测盲肠细菌总数和特定微生物数量。结果显示:1)抗菌肽Api-PR19对回肠肠道形态有显著改善作用;对饲养后期肉鸡(22-42 d)的十二指肠肠道形态有显著改善作用;2)抗菌肽Api-PR19显著上调了第21 d肉鸡十二指肠黏膜葡萄糖转运载体(GLUT2)和氨基酸转运载体(rBAT、y+LAT2、CAT1)基因相对表达量(P>0.05),而对第42 d各肠段营养物质转运载体基因相对表达量无显著影响;3)抗菌肽Api-PR19对第21d和42 d肉鸡空肠及第21 d肉鸡十二指肠sIgA的分泌有改善作用(P>0.05);4)抗菌肽Api-PR19显著减少了后期肉鸡盲肠有害菌大肠杆菌和空肠弯曲杆菌的数量(P>0.05),并一定程度上维持了盲肠微生物的丰度。本试验结果表明:抗菌肽Api-PR19可改善肉鸡肠绒毛组织形态,增加小肠对营养物质的吸收,增强小肠免疫,并且减少盲肠有害微生物的数量,维持肠道微生态平衡,综合改善了肠道健康。综上所述,抗菌肽Api-PR19在体外有良好的杀菌效果和消化道抗逆性。抗菌肽Api-PR19在肉鸡饲粮中的添加改善了肉鸡肠绒毛组织结构,增加了小肠营养物质转运载体的表达,减少盲肠有害菌的数量,维持肠道微生态平衡,提高了肉鸡的生产性能。
Abstract
jia qin xi jun xing ji bing duo yu ge lan shi yin xing jun you guan ,ru sha men shi jun he da chang gan jun 。kang sheng su lei sheng chang cu jin ji (AGPs)de shi yong dui yu jiang di xi jun xing ji bing de feng xian he cu jin dong wu de sheng chang ju you chong yao zuo yong ,dan chang ji shi yong AGPshui dao zhi xi jun chan sheng nai yao xing 、chu qin chan pin yao wu can liu deng wei hai 。sui zhao 2020nian AGPsquan mian tui chu si liao cu sheng chang lei tian jia ji shi yong xiang guan zheng ce de ming que ,xun zhao xin xing an quan de AGPsti dai pin cheng wei dang wu zhi ji 。kang jun tai yin ji duo ba dian kuai su yi jun 、kang jun pu an 、bu yi shi xi jun chan sheng nai yao xing deng te xing cheng wei AGPsti dai pin de hou shua zhe zhi yi 。ben shi yan shou xian zai ti wai yan jiu kang jun tai Api-PR19de sha jun xiao guo he kang ni xing ,er hou tong guo zai rou ji si liang zhong tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19,yan jiu ji dui rou ji de sheng chang xing neng he chang dao jian kang de ying xiang ,yi ji wei kang jun tai Api-PR19zai rou ji mo kang yang shi zhong de ying yong di gong ji shu zhi cheng 。shi yan yi kang jun tai Api-PR19de ti wai sha jun huo xing he kang ni xing yan jiu ben shi yan cai yong da chang gan jun ATCC25922、shu shang han sha men shi jun ATCC14028、ba shi gan jun ATCC19427、you men luo xuan gan jun ATCC43504he jin huang se pu tao qiu jun ATCC25923,li yong wei liang xi shi fa he wei sheng wu bi zhuo fa ,li ti jian ce kang jun tai Api-PR19de zui xiao yi jun nong du (MIC)he sha jun xiao guo 。yi da chang gan jun wei zhi shi jun ,li yong bu tong wen du 、pH、dan bai mei chu li kang jun tai Api-PR19hou ,jian ce ji sha jun huo xing 。jie guo xian shi :1)kang jun tai Api-PR19dui da chang gan jun ATCC25922、shu shang han sha men shi jun ATCC14028、ba shi gan jun ATCC19427、you men luo xuan gan jun ATCC43504he jin huang se pu tao qiu jun ATCC25923de MICfen bie shi 0.2、0.4、0.1、0.8he 1.6μg/mL;2)kang jun tai Api-PR19zai di 4 hshi ,sha jun xiao neng da dao zui gao 。1×MICyu 10×MICnong du de kang jun tai Api-PR19xiang bi ,sha jun xiao neng bing mei you xian zhe zeng jia ;3)bu tong wen du chu li kang jun tai Api-PR19de jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao wen du de sheng gao ,kang jun tai Api-PR19de sha jun huo xing zhu jian jiang di ,zai 80℃shi jiang di dao yuan lai sha jun huo xing de 70%zuo you ;bu tong pHchu li kang jun tai Api-PR19de jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao pHzhi de jiang di ,kang jun tai Api-PR19de sha jun huo xing zhu jian jiang di ,dang pH=2shi jiang di dao yuan lai sha jun huo xing de 72%zuo you ;bu tong dan bai mei chu li kang jun tai Api-PR19de jie guo xian shi ,wei dan bai mei (Pepsin,3000-3500 NFU)、yi dan bai mei (Trypsin,250 NFU)he α-mei dan bai mei (α-chymotrypsin,1200 U)chu li kang jun tai Api-PR19hou ,ji sha jun huo xing fen bie jiang di dao yuan lai de 52%、63%he 82%zuo you 。ben shi yan jie guo biao ming ,kang jun tai Api-PR19zai ti wai dui da chang gan jun 、shu shang han sha men shi jun 、ba shi gan jun 、you men luo xuan gan jun de sheng chang you jiao hao de yi zhi xiao guo ,dui jin huang se pu tao qiu jun de sheng chang you yi ding yi zhi zuo yong 。kang jun tai Api-PR19ju you nai gao wen 、nai jiang suan de kang ni xing te dian ,dui α-mei dan bai mei he yi dan bai mei ju you jiao hao de kang xing ,dan dui wei dan bai mei jiao wei min gan 。shi yan er si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19dui rou ji sheng chang xing neng de ying xiang ben shi yan shua yong 1ri ling ai ba yi jia (AA)rou ji 630zhi ,sui ji fen wei 5ge chu li ,mei chu li 7ge chong fu 。5ge chu li fen bie wei :1)dui zhao zu (CON)si wei bu han kang sheng su de ji chu si liang ;2)kang sheng su zu (AGP)si wei ji chu si liang he 4.96 mg/kgen la mei su ;3)di ji liang zu (AP1)si wei ji chu si liang he 100 mg/kgkang jun tai Api-PR19;4)zhong ji liang zu (AP2)si wei ji chu si liang he 200 mg/kgkang jun tai Api-PR19;5)gao ji liang zu (AP3)si wei ji chu si liang he 300 mg/kgkang jun tai Api-PR19。jie guo xian shi :1)si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19xian zhe jiang di le rou ji si yang qian ji (1-21 d)he si yang quan ji (1-42d)de liao chong bi (P<0.05),dui si yang hou ji de liao chong bi you gai shan de qu shi (0.05<P<0.10),ju AP2zu de liao chong bi zui di ;2),si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19dui rou ji xiong xian zhi shu 、pi zang zhi shu he 42 dfa shi nang zhi shu mo xian zhe xing ying xiang ,dan AP1he AP2zu xian zhe jiang di le rou ji di 21 dfa shi nang zhi shu (P<0.05);3)si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19dui rou ji ge jie duan liu gan ya xing H5kang ti shui ping he di 14、21、28 drou ji de ya xing H9kang ti shui ping mo xian zhe gai shan zuo yong (P>0.05),dan xian zhe di gao le di 7 drou ji ya xing H9kang ti shui ping ;4)you yu ce rou ji si liang zhong kang jun tai Api-PR19de zui kuo tian jia shui ping hui gui fang cheng de zhi ,si yang qian ji kang jun tai Api-PR19de zui kuo tian jia ji liang wei 267.0 mg/kg(R2=0.424),si yang hou ji de zui kuo tian jia liang wei 222.9 mg/kg(R2=0.325)。ben shi yan jie guo biao ming ,si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19neng gou di gao rou ji sheng chan xing neng ,bing wei rou ji zao ji mian yi fang xian gou jian yu wan shan qi yi ding cu jin zuo yong 。shi yan san si liang tian jia kang jun tai Api-PR19dui rou ji chang dao jian kang de ying xiang ben shi yan fen bie yu di 21he 42 dcai ji rou ji shi er zhi chang 、kong chang he hui chang chang dao nian mo yang pin he mang chang shi mei yang pin 。yong 4%de duo ju jia quan gu ding di 21he 42 dchong xi hou de shi er zhi chang 、kong chang he hui chang ,gu ding hao de chang duan zhi cheng qie pian ,jing guo su mu jing -yi gong (HE)ran se ,jian ce chang dao xing tai ;nian mo yang pin tong guo RT-qPCRji shu ce ding chang dao pu tao tang zhuai yun zai ti he an ji suan zhuai yun zai ti de mRNAbiao da shui ping ;tong guo mian yi zu hua jian ce fen bi xing mian yi qiu dan bai (sIgA)zai ge chang duan de biao da qing kuang ;tong guo wei sheng wu de jue dui ding liang ,jian ce mang chang xi jun zong shu he te ding wei sheng wu shu liang 。jie guo xian shi :1)kang jun tai Api-PR19dui hui chang chang dao xing tai you xian zhe gai shan zuo yong ;dui si yang hou ji rou ji (22-42 d)de shi er zhi chang chang dao xing tai you xian zhe gai shan zuo yong ;2)kang jun tai Api-PR19xian zhe shang diao le di 21 drou ji shi er zhi chang nian mo pu tao tang zhuai yun zai ti (GLUT2)he an ji suan zhuai yun zai ti (rBAT、y+LAT2、CAT1)ji yin xiang dui biao da liang (P>0.05),er dui di 42 dge chang duan ying yang wu zhi zhuai yun zai ti ji yin xiang dui biao da liang mo xian zhe ying xiang ;3)kang jun tai Api-PR19dui di 21dhe 42 drou ji kong chang ji di 21 drou ji shi er zhi chang sIgAde fen bi you gai shan zuo yong (P>0.05);4)kang jun tai Api-PR19xian zhe jian shao le hou ji rou ji mang chang you hai jun da chang gan jun he kong chang wan qu gan jun de shu liang (P>0.05),bing yi ding cheng du shang wei chi le mang chang wei sheng wu de feng du 。ben shi yan jie guo biao ming :kang jun tai Api-PR19ke gai shan rou ji chang rong mao zu zhi xing tai ,zeng jia xiao chang dui ying yang wu zhi de xi shou ,zeng jiang xiao chang mian yi ,bing ju jian shao mang chang you hai wei sheng wu de shu liang ,wei chi chang dao wei sheng tai ping heng ,zeng ge gai shan le chang dao jian kang 。zeng shang suo shu ,kang jun tai Api-PR19zai ti wai you liang hao de sha jun xiao guo he xiao hua dao kang ni xing 。kang jun tai Api-PR19zai rou ji si liang zhong de tian jia gai shan le rou ji chang rong mao zu zhi jie gou ,zeng jia le xiao chang ying yang wu zhi zhuai yun zai ti de biao da ,jian shao mang chang you hai jun de shu liang ,wei chi chang dao wei sheng tai ping heng ,di gao le rou ji de sheng chan xing neng 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的王建,发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文,是一篇关于肉鸡论文,抗菌肽论文,抑菌效果论文,生长性能论文,肠道健康论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:肉鸡论文; 抗菌肽论文; 抑菌效果论文; 生长性能论文; 肠道健康论文; 西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文;