对中国学生过度使用英语存在结构的错误分析

对中国学生过度使用英语存在结构的错误分析

论文摘要

在语言研究中,存在结构始终是个热门而复杂的话题,已有无数不同语言学派的专家对此做过大量的研究,而Schachter和Rutherford (1979)发现,中国学生作文中的存在句有“令人吃惊的规律性”。中国学生过度使用英文there be结构,相关研究显示这种过度使用的现象可归溯于多重原因:受中文“有”字句的影响,中文特殊语篇功能及其属于“主题突出性语言”(topic-prominent language)之特质的作用,以及中文倾向使用限定主词的特性。本研究旨在深入了解上述因素如何交互作用而导致中国学生过度使用这种特有的中英文中介语(Chinese-English interlanguage)句型。分析的资料包括中国某高中学生英文作文中含有there be句型的90篇文章以及90位学生对20个汉语存在句的英文翻译。通过对学生在学习英语存在句的不同阶段所犯错误的定量及定性分析,从语言共性和英汉不同特征相互作用的两个方面,来讨论汉语对中国学生习得存在句时的多重限制,并对由此产生的存在句的特殊中介语形式做一探讨。本研究验证了先前相关研究的观察与假设:中国学生there be句型的过度使用系因(一)中文类似句型“有”字句的转换作用,(二)中文的“主题突出性”导致中国学生倾向使用there be句型来引介语篇中之新主题,(三)中文倾向使用限定主词的现象导致学生使用there be句型来规避英文中较常出现的非限定主词。本研究显示母语对第二语言习得的影响不局限于表面句型的异同,相关中英文句型的语意、语言功能和语法的交互作用才是导致中国学生使用某些“中英文中介语”更深层的原因。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Significance and Purpose of the Study
  • 1.2 Organization of the Thesis
  • Chapter 2 Brief Review of SLA Theories
  • 2.1 Second Language Acquisition
  • 2.2 Interlanguage
  • 2.2.1 Definition of Interlanguage
  • 2.2.2 Processes of Interlanguage
  • 2.2.3 The Nature of Interlanguage
  • 2.2.4 Chinese-English Interlanguage
  • 2.3 Universal Grammar & SLA
  • 2.4 UG in Interlanguage
  • 2.5 Transfer
  • 2.5.1 Definition of Transfer
  • 2.5.2 Negative/Positive Transfer & SLA
  • 2.6 Error Analysis
  • 2.6.1 Introduction
  • 2.6.2 The Procedures of EA
  • 2.7 Summary
  • Chapter 3 Review of Existential Sentences & Relevant Studies
  • 3.1 English Existential Sentences
  • 3.1.1 Definition of Existential Sentences
  • 3.1.2 English Presentational Relatives
  • 3.1.3 English Existential Relatives
  • 3.2 Existential Constructions in Chinese
  • 3.2.1 Syntax of Chinese Existential Structures
  • 3.2.2 Discourse Function of Chinese ES
  • 3.3 There-be Constructions in CIL
  • 3.3.1 CIL Pseudo-relative Construction
  • 3.3.2 Infinitival Existential Construction
  • 3.3.3 Participial Existential Constructions
  • 3.4 Chinese You Sentence vs. English Have Sentence
  • 3.5 Superset and Subset in Existential Constructions
  • Chapter 4 Present Research
  • 4.1 Research Questions
  • 4.2 Research Design
  • 4.2.1 Subjects
  • 4.2.2 Instruments
  • 4.2.3 Data Collection
  • 4.2.4 Data Analysis
  • Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
  • 5.1 Discussion of Error Type and Systematicity
  • 5.1.1 Errors
  • 5.1.1.1 Error Rate
  • 5.1.1.2 Error Types
  • 5.1.1.3 The Accuracy Rate of There-E Sentences
  • 5.1.2 Interpretation of Errors
  • 5.1.2.1 Interpretation of Existential Pseudo-relatives
  • 5.1.2.2 Interpretation of There+have
  • 5.1.2.3 Interpretation of Disagreement
  • 5.1.2.4 Infinitival Existential Construction
  • 5.1.3 Summary
  • 5.2 Discussion of Chinese you-sentence’s Influence
  • 5.2.1 The Frequencies of There-E Sentences
  • 5.2.2 Complex patterns of there-existential sentence
  • 5.2.3 Developmental changes of the acquisition of there-E structure
  • 5.2.4 Summary
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Findings of the Study
  • 6.2 Implications for Teaching
  • 6.3 Limitations of the Study
  • 6.4 Future Research Dimensions
  • Appendix A - Test Paper
  • Appendix B –Sample Answer Sheets on Test Paper
  • References
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    对中国学生过度使用英语存在结构的错误分析
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