论文摘要
本文通过图样动力学方法,利用计算机模拟分析了具模量反差的聚合物共混体系相分离图样的形成规律,据此成功地解释了十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺/聚丙烯腈(PANI-DBSA/PAN)共混体系的两相结构。 以苯胺为单体,采用水-三氯甲烷-DBSA三元乳液体系,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过乳液聚合制备了PANI-DBSA,其中DBSA既是乳化剂又是掺杂剂。采用溶液共混法制备了PANI-DBSA/PAN薄膜,测试了这种复合膜的电导率,并用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)分析了复合膜的相态结构。应用常规腈纶湿法成型技术制备出了PANI-DBSA/PAN复合纤维并测试了其导电性能。研究结果表明,PANI-DBSA/PAN共混薄膜具有优良的导电性能,体系的逾渗阈值低于4wt%;PANI-DBSA/PAN共混薄膜具有皮芯结构:皮层中的PANI-DBSA形成连续的网络结构,而芯层中的PANI-DBSA呈多粒子分散相;DMA分析表明PAN相的模量大于PANI-DBSA相;而PANI-DBSA/PAN共混纤维的电导率低于PANI-DBSA/PAN共混膜。 通过引入浓度与弹性场的耦合,建立了描述具有模量反差的聚合物共混体系相分离的动力学模型,并采用元胞动力学方法进行了数值计算。计算机模拟结果表明,与常规聚合物共混体系不同,模量低的软相在含量低的情况下能够在硬相基体中形成连续相,即发生了相反转。这解释了PANI-DBSA/PAN共混体系中PANI-DBSA连续网络结构的成因。 通过引入有向冷却来模拟PANI-DBSA/PAN共混薄膜的成型过程,在上述模型的基础上成功解释了PANI-DBSA/PAN共混薄膜皮芯结构的成因。 此外,本文还分析了具模量反差的聚合物共混体系在外力场作用下的相分离过程。计算机模拟结果表明,在单轴拉伸或剪切应力作用下,体系倾向于形成沿外力作用方向取向的层状结构,而网络结构减少,从而解释了PANI-DBSA/PAN共混纤维导电性低于共混薄膜的原因。
论文目录
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