英汉、汉英同声传译原则及技巧

论文摘要

同声传译是用一种语言(译入语)把另外一种语言(原语)所表达的思想内容，以与原语发言人几乎相同的速度，用口头形式准确表达出来的一种翻译方式。同声传译在国际社会中，尤其是大型国际会议中起着越来越重要的作用。然而，同声传译又是一门年轻的发展中的专业。对许多业外人士而言，同声传译还蒙着一层神秘的面纱，可望而不可及。随着我国经济的快速发展，国际交往将日益增多，大型国际会议也将日益频繁。因此揭开这层面纱，让更多的人能够了解同传是非常必要的。本文全面介绍了同声传译的概念、发展历史、过程、标准以及对译员的素养要求。作为一次解释性研究，本文拟从原则和技巧两个方面对英汉及汉英同声传译进行研究，旨在对英汉及汉英同声传译实践有更好的指导作用。原则方面，本文从分析英汉两种语言形合和意合的差异入手，研究了英汉两种语言之间的双语转换模式，揭示了两种语言同声传译中应遵循的五条基本规律：顺句驱动，酌情调整，适度超前，信息重组，和整体等值。技巧方面，通过大量的口译示例，分别从英译汉和汉译英两个方面探讨了同声传译的基本技巧，英汉两种语言同声传译中常见句式的处理原则以及同声传译过程中常见问题的处理技巧。同声传译作为一门实践性很强的学科，既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。同时，作为一门年轻的学科，它需要不断的从实践中进行探索，进一步丰富其理论，从而更好地指导实践。

论文目录

• Acknowledgement
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter One A Brief Introduction to Simultaneous Interpreting
• 1.1 Definitions of Simultaneous Interpreting
• 1.2 History of Simultaneous Interpreting
• 1.3 Process of Simultaneous Interpreting
• 1.4 Criteria of Simultaneous Interpreting
• 1.5 Prerequisites for Simultaneous Interpreting
• Chapter Two Basic Principles for Simultaneous Interpreting Between English and Chinese
• 2.1 Hypotaxis Vs. Parataxis -- Major Difference Between English and Chinese
• 2.2 Transformational Models Between English and Chinese
• 2.3 Basic Principles for Simultaneous Interpreting Between English and Chinese
• 2.3.1 Syntactic Linearity
• 2.3.2 Appropriate Adjustment
• 2.3.3 Anticipation
• 2.3.4 Information Reformulation
• 2.3.5 Overall Equivalence
• Chapter Three Basic Techniques of SI Between English and Chinese
• 3.1 Basic Techniques of SI from English to Chinese
• 3.1.1 Segmentation
• 3.1.2 Waiting
• 3.1.3 Conversion
• 3.1.3.1 Nouns Converted into Verbs
• 3.1.3.2 Prepositions Converted into Verbs
• 3.1.3.3 Adjectives Converted into Verbs
• 3.1.4 Repetition
• 3.1.5 Amplification
• 3.1.6 Omission
• 3.1.7 Negation
• 3.1.7.1 Conversion of Affirmation into Negation and Vice Versa
• 3.1.7.2 Conversion of "Before" into "After" and Vice Versa
• 3.1.7.3 Conversion of the Passive Voice into Active Voice
• 3.1.8 Summarization
• 3.1.8.1 Generalization
• 3.1.8.2 Anticipation
• 3.1.8.3 Simplification
• 3.2 Basic Techniques of SI from Chinese to English
• 3.2.1 Preserving Linearity
• 3.2.2 Anticipation
• 3.2.3 Retention
• 3.2.4 Omission
• 3.2.5 Correction
• Chapter Four Coping Tactics for Common Problems in Both C-E and E-C SI
• 4.1 Coping Tactics for Common Sentence Patterns in English
• 4.1.1 Passive Voice Sentence Structure
• 4.1.1.1 Conversion from Verb into Noun
• 4.1.1.2 Conversion from "by" into "由于" , "因为"
• 4.1.1.3 Adding a New Subject
• 4.1.2 Sentence Structure Beginning with the Formal Subject "It"
• 4.1.2.1 Shift the Subject to the Beginning
• 4.1.2.2 Start to Interpret Directly from the Predicate
• 4.1.2.3 Substitute "It" with Another Subject
• 4.2 Coping Tactics for Common Sentence Pattern in Chinese
• 4.2.1 Displacement
• 4.2.2 Conversion into Passive Voice
• 4.2.3 Preserving Linearity
• 4.3 Coping Tactics for Interpreting of Figures
• 4.4 Coping Tactics for Predicaments
• 4.4.1 Coping Tactics for Non-understanding of the Source Information
• 4.4.2 Coping Tactics for Correcting Mistakes
• 4.4.3 Coping Tactics for Incorrespondent Expressions
• Conclusion
• Bibliography