理雅各英译《中国经典》研究 ——以勒菲弗尔的理论为基础

论文摘要

理雅各(James Legge)于1815年出生于苏格兰,是一位著名的传教士,同时也是一位著作等身、成绩斐然的翻译家和汉学家。他是第一位将全部儒家经典系统译介到西方的学者,为西方汉学的发展及中西文化交流做出了巨大贡献。他对包括四书、五经在内的儒家典籍以及《道德经》、《庄子》等道家经典的翻译收录于《中国经典》及《东方圣书》系列,代表了西方汉学界在此方面的最高成就,亦被后世学者奉为标准译本。理雅各的翻译巨作不仅具有极高的学术价值,同时在译文的准确、详尽、忠实上亦无人能及。目前,对理雅各翻译著作的研究多限于从语言层面上探讨译文语言、风格等特色及得失。但由于理氏身为传教士,同时其翻译动机、时代背景亦具有特殊性,因此这些研究虽多有成果,但亦具有一定的局限性,未能超越语言层面,从更宏观的角度综合分析理氏译本风格形成的原因,而翻译研究文化学派的理论则正好为本文的研究提供了合适的理论框架。因此,本文拟以翻译研究文化学派代表学者勒菲弗尔(AndréLefevere)的三要素理论为基础,依次从意识形态(ideology)、诗学(poetics)及赞助人(patronage)的角度来分析理雅各对儒家经典的翻译,分别探讨理氏的宗教信仰、文化背景、翻译动机、文学传统等相关因素对其译文风格及特色形成的影响。本文正文分为七章。首章对目前关于理雅各及其翻译的研究进行综述,表明当前研究多倾向于从语言层面进行分析讨论,故有必要以翻译文化学派的理论为依据从一个新的角度来进行研究。第二章对理雅各的生平进行了回顾,重点介绍了其童年经历、传教生涯及翻译岁月,并对理氏译介中国传统经典的动机进行了剖析。第三章主要对勒菲弗尔的三要素理论进行概述,介绍了勒菲弗尔理论框架中的三个重要概念:意识形态、诗学及赞助人。第四、第五及第六章为本文主要部分,分别从意识形态、诗学及赞助人的角度出发,对影响理雅各的一系列因素进行研究,并相应详细分析了这些因素对理雅各译作特色及风格所产生的影响。第七章为全文总结部分,主要对前述各章的分析进行回顾,并表明,由于理雅各的儒家经典翻译是在特殊的宗教和文化背景下进行的,因此仅限于从语言层面来探讨其译文得失具有一定的局限性。借助勒菲弗尔提供的理论框架,从更广的文化层面对理氏翻译特色的形成进行分析更具说服力。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 中文摘要
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter One Literature Review
• Chapter Two James Legge and His Translation of the Chinese Classics
• 2.1 James Legge: A Devoted Missionary and a Great Scholar
• 2.1.1 The Young Legge
• 2.1.2 The Missionary Legge
• 2.1.3 The Translator Legge and the Scholar Legge
• 2.2 The Chinese Classics
• 2.2.1 Motivation for Legge’s Translation of the Chinese Classics
• Chapter Three Introduction of Lefevere’s Theory on Translation
• 3.1 Two Paradigms: Prescription and Description
• 3.2 The Translation Studies School and AndréLefevere
• 3.3 Ideology, Poetics and Patronage
• 3.4 Application of Lefevere’s Theory in Translation Studies
• Chapter Four The Translator Legge: An Ideological Perspective
• 4.1 Overview: Ideological Elements and Their Influences
• 4.1.1 Ideological Elements
• 4.1.2 Ideological Influences
• 4.2 A Christianized Image of Chinese Classics: Legge’s Religious Background and His Rendering of Key Terms
• 4.2.1 Legge’s Religious Background
• 4.2.2 Different Terms in the Two Traditions
• 4.2.3 The Term Question and the Rendering of God in Bible Translation
• 4.2.4 A Christianized Image of Chinese Classics
• 4.3 A Scholarly Translation: Legge’s Cultural Background and Its Influence on the Style of His Translation
• 4.3.1 Universe of Discourse and Two Types of Translators
• 4.3.2 Cultural Influences on Legge’s Translations
• 4.3.3 Copious Notes in Legge’s Translation
• Chapter Five The Translator Legge: A Poetological Perspective
• 5.1 Overview: Poetological Elements and Their Influences
• 5.2 Literature Poetics
• 5.2.1 Dominant Literature Poetics: the Victorian Age
• 5.2.2 Individual Literature Poetics: An Excellent Latin Student
• 5.2.3 Individual Literature Poetics: Legge’s Scottish Tradition and His Rendering of Shijing
• 5.3 Translation Poetics: A Faithful Translator
• 5.3.1 Dominant Translation Poetics
• 5.3.2 A Faithful Translator
• 5.3.3 A Flexible Approach
• Chapter Six The Translator Legge: From the Perspective of Patronage
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The London Missionary Society: A Passive Force
• 6.3 Joseph Jardine: A Helping Hand
• Chapter Seven Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendices
• Appendix A: A Portrait of James Legge
• Appendix B: A Page from the Chinese Classics