从目的论看《围城》英译本归化与异化的合理性

论文摘要

翻译是一种跨文化交际活动,它不但涉及不同语言的转换,而且也涉及不同文化的转换;归化和异化是翻译过程中处理文化信息时常用的两种翻译策略,在翻译过程中每位译者总是面临着是以原语为导向,还是以译语为导向的选择。归化和异化问题,即让读者靠近作者,还是让原作靠近读者之争一直贯穿着中外翻译历史。《围城》英文译本自1979年面世后,在西方赢得了广泛的读者群,美国图书协会曾选其为1979年至1981年度的卓越著作。作者认为,该译作的成功在于合理使用归化和异化策略。本论文从目的论的视角,探讨《围城》英译本中归化与异化在译文中文化转换上的合理应用。根据目的论,“目的决定手段,结果使手段合法”,即翻译目的决定翻译策略,如果译文达到了翻译目的,那么翻译过程中所采取的策略就是合理的。《围城》的英译本就很好的体现了这一点,这也为正确看待文学翻译中的归化和异化的运用提供了新的视角。本论文从文化传递入手,通过分析译本的预期目的,从目的论的三法则角度,即目的法则、连贯法则和忠诚法则对原文与译本进行了系统的比较研究,从而探明译者为达到翻译目的所采取的翻译策略,即采取了以异化为主归化为辅的翻译策略。译者通过对钱钟书及其《围城》的译介,达到了传播中国文化,促进文化交流及满足读者对中国文化的期待等目的。译文主要运用了异化策略,同时考虑到译文的可读性译者又采取了一定的归化策略,体现了在文化转化上归化和异化的合理使用。从目的论视角看,这种策略选择是合理的。由此得出结论:在目的论视角下,《围城》译者在文化传递时很大程度地合理运用了归化和异化策略,实现了译本的预期目的,因此我们有理由认为英译本是一部成功译作。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter One Literature Review
• 1.1 The Definition of Translation Criticism
• 1.2 Limitation of Equivalence-based Theories
• 1.3 The Cultural Tendency of Translation Criticism
• 1.4 Some Comments on the English Version of Weicheng
• 1.5 Foreignization and Domestication as Culture Transmission Strategy
• 1.5.1 Definition of Foreignization and Domestication
• 1.5.2 Debates about Foreignization and Domestication
• 1.6 Skopos Theory as a New Perspective of Translation Criticism
• 1.7 Summary
• Chapter Two Skopos Theory and Its Contribution to Translation Criticism
• 2.1 A Brief Introduction of Skopos theory
• 2.2 Three Basic Rules of Skopos theory
• 2.2.1 The Skopos Rule
• 2.2.2 The Coherence Rule
• 2.2.3 The Fidelity Rule
• 2.3 Adequacy as a New Criterion Applied to Translation Criticism
• 2.4 Advantages of Skopos Theory
• 2.4.1 Dethronement of Source Text
• 2.4.2 Emphasis on Target Receiver
• 2.4.3 Emphasis on Translator's Subjectivity
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter Three The Translators' Skopos of Fortress Besieged Deciding Foreignization and Domestication
• 3.1 To Arouse Scholars' Interest in Qian Zhongshu and His Work
• 3.2 To Bridge the Gap Between Two Cultures
• 3.3 To Meet TT Readers' Expectation of Foreign Flavor
• 3.4 To Cater to TT Readers' Reading Habit
• 3.5 Summary
• Chapter Four Adequate Employment of Foreignization and Domestication in Fortress Besieged
• 4.1 The Classification of Culture Elements Reflected in Weicheng
• 4.2 Adequate Employment of Foreignization in Fortress Besieged
• 4.2.1 Culture Related to Thoughts and Speech
• 4.2.2 Culture Related to Local Customs
• 4.2.3 Culture Related to Material Peculiar to China
• 4.2.4 Religious Culture
• 4.3 Adequate Employment of Domestication in Fortress Besieged
• 4.3.1 Culture Related to Thoughts and Speech
• 4.3.2 Culture Related to Local Customs
• 4.3.3 Culture Related to Material Peculiar to China
• 4.3.4 Religious Culture
• 4.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements