英汉诗歌互译中实现相对对等

英汉诗歌互译中实现相对对等

论文摘要

诗歌是文学花苑中一朵绽放的奇葩。它讲究音、形、意的完美结合,具有很高的艺术性。其独特的艺术性使诗歌翻译成为文学翻译中的一大难题。众多翻译理论家和翻译工作者长期以来致力于诗歌翻译理论与实践的研究并取得了巨大成果。在参考已有研究成果的基础上,本文作者从一个新的视角,以一种新的方法对诗歌翻译进行探索和研究。本文在借鉴奈达(Eugene A. Nida)的动态对等理论的同时,对这一理论中过度强调读者反应这一观点提出异议,并指出译文应遵循尽量异化的原则以保留原文的文化特色及内涵。本文借用“相对对等”一词并赋予其更多的内涵,以此提出翻译应达到的标准。笔者认为实现相对对等,就是要在尽量异化原则的基础上,使译文在最大程度上达到原文的效果,使译文读者同原文读者有同样的感受。本文以许渊冲的三美理论为指导,以相对对等为诗歌翻译的标准,将“对等”和“诗歌翻译”这两大热点难点结合起来,探讨如何在英汉诗歌互译中实现相对对等。在贝克( Mona Baker)的对等翻译理论研究的启发下,本文采取从微观角度分析的方法来研究并论述诗歌翻译。贝克在《换言之:翻译教程》中从词汇、搭配、语法、篇章和语用等具体方面对对等翻译进行了深入研究。本文将贝克这一独特的研究方法应用于诗歌翻译研究,即从微观角度——词汇、语法、修辞、篇章和翻译思维五个层面,由浅入深,从最基本的选词问题谈到影响翻译的最根本问题——翻译思维,通过对大量英汉诗歌译例的分析,揭示英汉诗歌在语言和文化上的差异,细致深入地探讨了解决相应问题的策略。从微观角度进行研究有利于对诗歌翻译更细致地加以分析,有利于发现翻译中一些潜在的问题,从而有利于提高诗歌翻译的整体质量,这对诗歌翻译是一种很好的探索。最后,笔者强调以上五个层面不是各自孤立的。诗歌翻译要将这五个微观层面结合起来,既从微观上推敲斟酌,又重视宏观整体把握,这无疑将有助于诗歌翻译质量的提高。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgments
  • 内容摘要
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Theoretical Guidance
  • 1.1 Literature Review of Equivalence
  • 1.1.1 Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence
  • 1.1.2 Baker's Approach to Translation Equivalence
  • 1.2 Theoretical Framework
  • 1.2.1 Relative Equivalence
  • 1.2.2 Xu Yuanzhong’s “Three Beauties”
  • 1.3 Summary
  • Chapter 2 “Three Beauties”in Lexical Aspect——the Basic Level
  • 2.1 Beauty of Conception
  • 2.1.1 Vacancy of Words
  • 2.1.2 Words with Different Associated Meanings
  • 2.1.3 Accurate Understanding and Appropriate Translation
  • 2.2 Beauty of Form
  • 2.3 Beauty of Sound
  • 2.3.1 The Importance of Beauty of Sound
  • 2.3.2 Reproducing Beauty of Sound
  • 2.4 Summary
  • Chapter 3 Grammatical and Rhetorical Aspects——the Decorative Level
  • 3.1 Grammatical Aspect
  • 3.1.1 Grammatical Differences between Chinese and English
  • 3.1.1.1 The Difference As a Whole——Freeness vs. Strictness
  • 3.1.1.2 Specific Differences
  • 3.1.2 Properly Handling Grammatical Differences in Poetry Translation
  • 3.2 Rhetorical Aspect
  • 3.2.1 Rhetorical Figures in English and Chinese Poetry
  • 3.2.2 Translation of Rhetorical Figures in Poetry
  • 3.2.2.1 Simile and Metaphor
  • 3.2.2.2 Hyperbole
  • 3.2.2.3 Pun
  • 3.3 Summary
  • Chapter 4 Textual Aspect——the Overall Level
  • 4.1 “Three Beauties”in Textual Aspect
  • 4.1.1 Beauty of Conception
  • 4.1.1.1 Style
  • 4.1.1.2 Mood
  • 4.1.1.3 Eyes for Poetry
  • 4.1.2 Beauty of Form
  • 4.1.2.1 Literary Form
  • 4.1.2.2 Line-Division
  • 4.1.3 Beauty of Sound
  • 4.2 Resemblance in Spirit and Transformation of Souls
  • 4.3 Summary
  • Chapter 5 Different Cognitive Thinking ——the Deep Level
  • 5.1 Research on Cognitive Thinking of Translation
  • 5.2 Requirements for Poetry Translators
  • 5.3 Summary
  • Conclusion
  • Bibliography
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    英汉诗歌互译中实现相对对等
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