“基本象征”及其隐喻机制研究

论文摘要

象征现象历史悠久,是人类文明中十分重要和普遍的文化现象。本文将“基本象征”现象作为研究对象,通过对其详尽地分类,揭示了其本质、特征、内涵和功能。同时,本文从“基本象征”的形成来源出发,阐述了其形成过程,提出了“基本象征”形成于隐喻认知机制的基础之上,并可进一步分为“隐喻性基本象征”与“转喻性基本象征”。这两种“基本象征”体现是不同的认知模式,并且各自发挥着不同功能。第一章为绪论,简要阐述了“基本象征”的表现形式及其相关研究的概况,通过对“基本象征”与“符号”的界定,对“基本象征”做出了新的、较为全面的定义,明确了本文研究“基本象征”的重要意义和主要目的。第二章主要从哲学、宗教、心理学、人类学、文学和语言学这六个方面,对西方的“基本象征”理论成果进行了综述,同时探讨了西方针对隐喻与认知、隐喻与“基本象征”相互关系的理论成果,为“基本象征”的认知研究提供了参考和借鉴。本章也对所列述的理论成果进行了简要的评论,指出了各学科主要理论的价值和不足。第三章进一步系统地从结构、来源、内涵和功能角度对其进行了分类,揭示了其本质和重要特征。第四章旨在阐明“基本象征”与隐喻认知机制的关系。通过指出“基本象征”的形成过程,揭示了其是通过人类的隐喻认知形成建立起来的。并且,本章提出了“基本象征”在隐喻和借喻两种机制之上分别形成了“隐喻性基本象征”和“转喻性基本象征”,分析了这两种机制的不同认知模式和应用。第五章为结论,概括阐述了本文的主要结论和发现,并且对“基本象征”现象的进一步研究提供了方向和建议。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 中文摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Basic symbol—target of this research
• 1.1.1 Definitions of symbol
• 1.1.2 Delimitation of basic symbol
• 1.1.3 Natures of basic symbol
• 1.1.4 Definition of basic symbol
• 1.1.5 The symbol, the symbolized and symbolism
• 1.2 A briefing on studies of basic symbol
• 1.3 Rationale of this research
• 1.4 Purposes of this research
• 1.5 Outline of the thesis
• Chapter Two The Omnipresent Basic Symbol—Western Symbol Studies on Its Nature, Function and Inner Mechanism
• 2.0 Introduction
• 2.1 Major western theories of symbol
• 2.1.1 The transcendental world of “meanings”—philosophical foundations of Symbol studies
• 2.1.1.1 Symbol—Linking the reality and the idea
• 2.1.1.2 Plato’s Theory of Ideas
• 2.1.1.3 Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy of symbolic culture
• 2.1.2 Unification of the “dual worlds”of the mundane and the divine—religious approaches to the function of basic symbol
• 2.1.2.1 Basic symbol as embodiment of the supernatural
• 2.1.2.2 Allegorization in the Interpretation—important source of basic symbol
• 2.1.3 The reflection of thought and the psychic need—psychological approaches to the relation of basic symbol and mind
• 2.1.3.1 Basic symbol as outwardly manifested psyche
• 2.1.3.2 Jung’s archetypal symbol
• 2.1.4 The demonstration of Cultural value—anthropological approaches to the nature of basic symbol
• 2.1.4.1 Basic Symbol as human nature
• 2.1.4.2 Symbolic anthropologic studies
• 2.1.5 The extraordinary art of human language—literary approaches to the Application of basic symbol
• 2.1.5.1 Kant’s and Hegel’s theories—aesthetic foundation for Literary symbolism
• 2.1.5.2 Basic symbol in literary studies
• 2.1.6 Arbitrariness Vs Motivation—Linguistic approaches to the inner mechanism of basic symbol
• 2.1.6.1 Basic symbol as the nature of language
• 2.1.6.2 Scientific and humanistic symbol studies
• 2.1.7 Brief comments
• 2.2 Studies on the relation between basic symbol and metaphor
• 2.2.1 Related studies on metaphor
• 2.2.1.1 Overview
• 2.2.1.2 Cognitive approaches to metaphor
• 2.2.1.3 The notion of metaphoricity
• 2.2.2 The relation between basic symbol and metaphor
• 2.2.3 Brief comments
• Chapter Three Classification and Features of Basic Symbol
• 3.0 Introduction
• 3.1 Classification of basic symbol
• 3.1.1 Classification by structure
• 3.1.1.1 Attribute of basic symbol
• 3.1.1.2 Form of basic symbol
• 3.1.1.3 Structure of symbolic meaning
• 3.1.2 Classification by origin
• 3.1.3 Classification by connotation and function
• 3.1.3.1 Cultural concept
• 3.1.3.2 Social value
• 3.1.3.3 Religious faith
• 3.1.3.4 Individual mentality
• 3.2 Features of symbolism and basic symbol
• 3.2.1 General properties of symbolism
• 3.2.2 Features of basic symbol
• 3.2.2.1 Universality and particularity
• 3.2.2.2 Synchronicity and diachronicity
• 3.2.2.3 Emotiveness and indirectness
• 3.2.2.4 Situation-dependence and levels of meanings
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter Four Basic Symbol and Its Metaphorical and Metonymic Mechanism
• 4.0 Introduction
• 4.1 The formation of basic symbol
• 4.1.1 The instinctive life need—the basic condition
• 4.1.2 Directional projection—the basic mode
• 4.1.3 Metaphoricity-based selection—the inner motivation
• 4.1.4 Association—necessity for basic symbol interpretation
• 4.2 The operating mechanism of basic symbolism—metaphorcity
• 4.2.1 Symbolism and metaphoricity
• 4.2.2 Metaphorical mechanism based symbol
• 4.2.2.1 Metaphor—resemblance-based relationship
• 4.2.2.2 Metaphorical basic symbol
• 4.2.3 Metonymic mechanism
• 4.2.3.1 Metonymy—Contiguity-based relationship
• 4.2.3.2 Metonymic basic symbol
• 4.2.4 Significance of metaphorical and metonymic basic symbol
• 4.2.4.1 Historical aspect
• 4.2.4.2 Language and word
• 4.2.4.3 Emotional effect
• 4.2.4.4 Understanding of the world
• 4.2.4.5 Social and cultural value
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusi
• 5.0 Introduction
• 5.1 Brief summaries of major findings
• 5.2 Suggestion for further studies
• 5.2.1 More linguistic studies of cultural and conventional basic symbols
• 5.2.2 More studies on the differences and similarities of symbolism in the West and the East
• Bibliography