唐诗英译补偿研究

论文摘要

由于语言文化的差异,翻译就不可避免有所损失。翻译损失贯穿于翻译活动的整个过程,存在于语言信息、意义、文化传递和审美形式等各个层面,损失的程度也大小不等。故翻译补偿势在必行。翻译补偿是一种翻译技巧,当译者意识到损失时,有意识地运用某些有效手段进行补偿,将损失降低到最低限度。补偿也是确保完整再现原文信息、文化因素和审美因素等成分的必要手段。扩大可译性限度、减少不可译性,也需要进行翻译补偿。翻译补偿领域的研究落后于其他翻译范畴,仍处于边缘地位。唐诗是中国传统文化宝库的精品,优秀的唐诗英译必然要采取巧妙的补偿手段,然而唐诗英译中的补偿研究至今仍一片空白。本研究以许渊冲先生的《唐诗三百首》英译本为目标,选取了其中的36首诗,探索了许先生在翻译过程中在语言学、审美和文化三个层面采取的翻译补偿策略。分析显示,在所抽取的译诗中,译者在各层面采取了不同的补偿策略。首先,语言学层面的补偿主要体现在词汇、语法和语篇层面上。词汇层面上,译者主要采用了整合补偿,增译是使用最多的一种方式;语法层面上,添加助词、复数和时态词缀;而增加逻辑连词和人称代词是语篇层面上的补偿方法。其次,在审美层面上,译者侧重对音韵、修辞和风格进行补偿。在音韵层面上,译者主要从尾韵、头韵、行内韵和诗之破格的角度进行补偿;排比、对偶、明喻、暗喻、拟人和双关等修辞补偿使译文忠实于原文;译者以诗译诗的风格则保持了原诗的音美、意美和形美。最后,文化层面上,译者主要从原诗的民族风味、文化形象和联想意义角度,采取了文化移植、文化注解和文化替代的补偿方式。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Objectives of the Study
• 1.4 Research Questions
• 1.5 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Necessity of Translation Compensation
• 2.2 Definition of Translation Compensation
• 2.3 Previous Studies on Translation Compensation
• 2.3.1 Studies Abroad
• 2.3.2 Studies in China
• 2.4 Principles of Translation Compensation
• 2.4.1 Principle of Demand
• 2.4.2 Principle of Relation
• 2.4.3 Principle of Focus
• 2.4.4 Principle of Minimal Distance
• 2.4.5 Principle of the Same Function
• 2.4.6 Principle of Consistency
• 2.4.7 Summary
• 2.5 Classification of Compensation
• 2.5.1 Compensation by Integration
• 2.5.2 Compensation by Isolation
• 2.5.3 Compensation with the Same Device
• 2.5.4 Compensation with a Different Device
• 2.5.5 Compensation in a Parallel Location
• 2.5.6 Compensation in a Displaced Location
• 2.5.7 Synchronous Compensation
• 2.5.8 Compensation in Difference
• 2.5.9 Summary
• Chapter 3 Text Analysis
• 3.1 Loss and Compensation at the Linguistic Level
• 3.1.1 Lexical Loss and Compensation
• 3.1.1.1 Lexical Loss
• 3.1.1.2 Lexical compensation
• 3.1.2 Grammatical Loss and Compensation
• 3.1.2.1 Grammatical Loss
• 3.1.2.2 Grammatical Compensation
• 3.1.3 Loss and Compensation at the Discoursal Level
• 3.1.3.1 Loss at the Discoursal Level
• 3.1.3.2 Compensation at the Discoursal Level
• 3.2 Loss and Compensation at the Aesthetic Level
• 3.2.1 Prosodic Loss and Compensation
• 3.2.2 Rhetorical Loss and Compensation
• 3.2.3 Stylistic Loss and Compensation
• 3.2.3.1 Stylistic Loss
• 3.2.3.2 Stylistic Compensation
• 3.3 Loss and Compensation at the Cultural Level
• 3.3.1 National Flavor
• 3.3.2 Image
• 3.3.3 Associative Meaning
• Chapter 4 Conclusion
• 4.1 Major Findings
• 4.1.1 The Linguistic Level
• 4.1.2 The Aesthetic Level
• 4.1.3 The Cultural Level
• 4.2 Limitations of the Present Study
• 4.3 Suggestion for the Future Study
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Academic Achievements