论文摘要
宫颈癌是世界范围内最常见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤之一,死亡率仅次于乳腺癌占女性癌症死亡率的第二位。全球每年新发病例约40万且有超过20万妇女死于该病,其中80%的病例发生在发展中国家,我国每年新发病例约13万。目前研究已证实某些型别的人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染与宫颈癌的发生、发展密切相关。 人乳头瘤病毒属乳多空病毒科,是一类特异感染人皮肤和粘膜的双链闭合环状DNA病毒。HPV DNA分子约含8,000个碱基,基因组按功能分为3个编码区:早期区域(early region,E),长约4,500bp,包含E1,E2,E4,E5,E6和E7共6个开放阅读框,负责编码参与病毒DNA复制转录和细胞转化的蛋白;晚期区域(late region,L),长约2,500bp,含L1和L2基因,编码病毒结构蛋白;非编码上游调节区,长约400-1,000bp,包含启动子等调控元件,与病毒复制转录的调控有关。 根据其基因组的同源性可将HPV分为多种型别,各型之间L1、E6和E7基因的核苷酸序列同源性<90%。至今为止已发现超过85种不同HPV型别,其中20多种型别证实与宫颈癌相关。根据HPV感染与宫颈癌关系的密切程度,可以将其分为高危型(high risk,HR)和低危型(low risk,LR)两类。低危型主要包括HPV6,
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