论文摘要
化学沉淀法是一种从废水中去除重金属广泛使用的和可靠的技术。一般来说,沉淀法就是将溶解或悬浮在溶液中的污染物作为一种固体,通过过滤,离心及其他分离液体的方法将其沉淀出来的一种方法。在这篇论文中我通过从酸性矿物废水中分离如锌离子,铜离子和铅离子等重金属来检验这种化学沉淀技术的适用性。这里我重研究了三种化学沉淀剂:氢氧化钙,纯碱和硫化钠。如,进行了通过利用一个五烧杯(一公升每个)系列的JAR测试实验,对操作条件如PH值,剂量需要和去除效率进行了研究。将准备好的酸性污染水放到每个烧杯中,加入不同剂量的氢氧化钙,碳酸钠和硫化钠粉末,使重金属以金属碱化物,盐化物和硫化物的形式沉淀出来。氢氧化钙在添加到170,117mg/l会实现金属铜和锌的彻底去除,去除率接近100%。相比于碳酸钠对锌离子和铜离子的去除率(99.9%,99.8%)就好得多。其中将硫化钠沉淀剂添加到174mg/L被认为是治理含有铅金属综合废水的最有效方法之一,铅离子的去除率达到98%。实验结果表明,锌和铜沉淀产生的污泥有很好的污泥沉降脱水性能(浊度,污泥量和Zeta电位)。铅形成超细沉淀(小絮体),很难用沉淀的方法把它分开。一般而言,结果表明,用氢氧化钙和硫化钠处理过的综合废水更容易脱水。正如预料的那样,XRD实验结果表明,用这三种沉淀剂(氢氧化钙,碳酸钠和硫化钠)获得金属污泥的主要成分分别是金属氢氧化物,金属碳酸盐和金属硫化物。然而,沉淀中还含有由金属氢氧化物和碳酸盐自发脱水后的金属氧化物,这是由于其溶解度过低所致。
论文目录
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