论英汉学习者词典的翻译

论文摘要

双语词典是沟通不同语言与文化的桥梁。从本质上而言,双语词典是语言之间的对译,因此无论从使用者角度还是从跨文化交际的角度来看,翻译的质量对词典质量都有着决定性的作用。为了廓清词典翻译的作用,本文对于有关词典使用的一些假设提出了质疑,比如使用双语词典会增加英语学习中的母语负迁移,单语词典在英语学习中更具优越性等。双语词典的翻译在翻译背景、翻译单位、语用特征、翻译指称性、表达手段、表达内容、美学特征等七个方面不同于文学翻译。词目翻译属于语言符号的对译,要求翻译具有概括性;而例证的翻译则是在有限背景中的翻译。因此,词典翻译的标准和技巧与文学翻译不同。本文将意义-篇章理论、翻译等值论以及异化归化论作为理论基础。从根本上说,翻译是从源语的深层语义结构到目的语表层结构的映射过程,然而对于不同的文体要求有不同的表达方式。尽管如此,无论哪种问题要求,都要遵守源语与目的语在各个层面的等值,且基于文化传播的考虑,应当将异化和归化策略应用于翻译过程中,既引入源语的异质性,又不失目的语的表现力。出于如上考虑,笔者在吴建平（2005: 29）提出的六个翻译模式（即S=T; S≈T1+T2+…+Tn ; S≈（t） T （t）; S≈T1T2……Tn ; S≈[t] T; S≈T1×T2 ; S≈T1+ T2 ; S≈E/A （e））的基础上,根据习语通常的特性及其按语义分类成标准化习语、统一习语、融合习语的情况,将习语翻译与词目翻译进行整合,设计出词目与习语翻译的八种模式。不同类型的词目和习语可以运用不同模式进行翻译。例证翻译要体现例证的功能,并且突出文化间的差异,突出语用特征。

论文目录

• Synopsis
• 摘要
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Research scope of the present thesis
• 1.2 A general survey of relevant studies
• 1.3 Research methodologies
• 1.4 Framework of this thesis
• Chapter Two English-Chinese Dictionary Translation: Significance and Difficulties
• 2.1 The importance of translation in English-Chinese dictionaries
• 2.1.1 From the perspective of second language acquisition
• 2.1.1.1 The negative transfer assumption
• 2.1.1.2 The advantageous monolingual dictionary assumption
• 2.1.1.3 The advantageous bilingualized dictionary assumption
• 2.1.2 The perspective of intercultural communication
• 2.1.2.1 Translation as a means of intercultural communication
• 2.1.2.2 The role of dictionary translation in facilitating cross-cultural communication
• 2.2 The difficulties of dictionary translation
• Chapter Three The Difference between Dictionary Translation and Literary Translation
• 3.1 Differing translation backgrounds
• 3.2 Differing translation units--Dependency
• 3.3 Pragmatic difference--intentionality
• 3.4 Divergent translation referentiality--universality vs. Specificality
• 3.5 Different expressive means
• 3.6 Different expressive content（from the perspective of translator’s understanding）
• 3.7 Different aesthetic principles
• Chapter Four Research Rationale for Dictionary Translation
• 4.1 Meaning-text theory
• 4.2 Principles of equivalence
• 4.2.1 Functional Equivalence and its implication for translation of examples
• 4.2.2 Equivalence of semantic and syntactic features
• 4.2.3 Formal characteristic equivalence
• 4.2.4 Pragmatic equivalence
• 4.2.5 Equivalence of marking features
• 4.2.6 Equivalence of rhetoric features
• 4.2.7 Equivalence of cultural feature
• 4.2.8 Equivalence of effect
• 4.3 Translation strategies: foreignization vs domestication
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Dictionary Translation: Deficiencies and Solutions
• 5.1 Entry unit translation and example translation: properties and general requirements
• 5.2 Deficiencies in present dictionary translation
• 5.2.1 Failure to achieve both formal equivalence and semantic equivalence
• 5.2.2 Insufficient connection between the entry unit and the example
• 5.2.3 Rigid translation instead of dynamic conversion
• 5.2.4 Incorrect rendering of the semantic meaning
• 5.3 Causes of the deficiencies
• 5.3.1 Inadequate understanding of the semantic structure of the word
• 5.3.2 Blurring the boundary of literary translation and example translation
• 5.4 Strategies and methods for dictionary translation
• 5.4.1 Translation of entry units
• 5.4.1.1 Reasons for the integration of translation of entry units and that of idioms
• 5.4.1.2 The uniqueness of idioms and the difficulties of idiom translation
• 5.4.1.3 Semantic categorization of idioms
• 5.4.1.4 Translation methods for entry units and idioms
• 5.4.1.4.1 Literal translation
• 5.4.1.4.2 Free translation
• 5.4.1.5 Translation patterns
• 5.4.2 Translation of illustrative examples
• 5.4.2.1 Principles for illustrative example translation
• 5.4.2.1.1 Functional equivalence
• 5.4.2.1.2 Maintain the original structural pattern
• 5.4.2.1.3 Guide translation practice
• 5.4.2.1.4 Culturally revealing
• 5.4.2.1.5 Pragmatically equivalent
• 5.5 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 A summary of the research
• 6.2 Distinctive features of the research
• 6.3 Limitations of the research
• 6.4 Suggestions for further research
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements