本文主要研究内容
作者宦道明(2019)在《Sr3Fe2O7基固体氧化物电池空气极材料的设计和性能研究》一文中研究指出:能源和环境是当今两大严峻问题。传统的化石燃料,比如煤炭、石油等在消耗时不仅能量转换效率低,而且会造成严重的环境污染。因此,迫切需要发展新能源和能量转换新技术。固体氧化物电池(Solid Oxide Cell,SOC)是一种清洁、高效的能量转换装置。它有两种工作模式,一种是燃料电池(Fuel Cell,FC)模式,直接将化学能转换为电能进行利用;另一种是电解池(Electrolysis Cell,EC)模式,直接将电能转换为化学能进行储存。FC和EC互为逆过程,并且两种工作模式可以在同一个电池上实现,这为能量的利用和储存带来极大的便利。对于Ni基为燃料极的电池而言,两种模式下的电池极化损失均主要来自于空气极,因此,设计出优异的空气极材料对于电池性能的提升和工作温度的低温化具有重要意义。近年来,质子型SOC以其更适于中低温下运行而受到广泛关注。传统钙钛矿和双钙钛矿材料没有质子传输能力,电极极化损失相对较大,并且这类材料在EC工作模式中稳定性较差。Ruddlesden-Popper(R-P)型材料Sr3Fe2O7-δ(SFO)具有独特的晶体结构和优异电化学性能,使其成为中温SOC空气极材料的候选者。然而,它在高水压气氛中结构稳定性差并且对氧还原反应催化作用较低。综上所述,本论文着熏讲述通过A/B位掺杂取代提升SFO材料的结构稳定性和催化活性。主要结果如下:第一章:绪论部分,主要介绍论文的研究背景、SOC的工作原理以及电极和电解质材料的发展。重点总结了质子导体固体氧化物电池(P-SOC)空气极材料的性能,简述电化学性能的研究方法和分析手段,同时提出了本论文的立题依据与研究内容。第二章:结合密度泛函理论(DFT)和实验方法表征SFO材料的氧离子传导性能和电化学性能。DFT计算结果表明,SFO体相中的氧空位形成能较低,两层钙钛矿层的中间交点位置上氧空位形成能最低,仅为0.53 eV,并且氧离子迁移能垒较低,沿[010]方向最低。然而Sr-O岩盐层是其最稳定表面,对氧还原过程的催化作用较差。为此,我们设计了 Co掺杂SFO(SFCO)材料,利用Co掺杂提高氧在SFO表面的吸附解离速率。研究结果表明,SFCO材料具有优异的电性能和氧还原催化能力,在650 0C时,氧表面交换系数(kδ)和氧体扩散系数(Dδ)分别为 1.2×10-4 cm s-1和6.00×10-6cm2s-1。以Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)为电解质,SFCO为阴极的单电池,650℃下电池极化电阻为0.106 Ω cm2,最大功率密度为685 mW cm-2。第三章:从酸碱度调控的思路出发,Eu2O3酸性明显高于SrO,故选取Eu对Sr3Fe2O7-δ进行掺杂得到SrEu2Fe207-δ(SEF),以提高其在高水分压中的稳定性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了材料合成过程中的相结构演变过程,另外,通过XRD精修出各原子占位,发现SEF氧空位极少,因此采取Co掺杂来调控氧空位和提高其电催化活性。扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)图像表明Eu元素占据岩盐层,而Sr元素占据两层钙钛矿层的中间位置。以BaZr0.3Ce0.5Y0.2O3-δ(BZCY)为电解质,Co掺杂的SEF(SEFC)材料为空气极的单电池具有优异的电化学性能和稳定性。在燃料极和空气极分别通入3%H20-H2和10%H20-空气,700 ℃、0.7 V放电工作时电流密度为432 mA cm-2,1.5 V电解工作时的电流密度为-2058 mA cm-2。尤其是,电池在600 ℃、1.3 V电解条件下,稳定运行了230小时,性能几乎无衰减;而在1.3-0.7 V可逆模式交替切换运行中运行135小时,并且热循环超过10次,仍可保持良好的稳定性。这些结果表明,SEFC是优异的可逆P-SOC(P-RSOC)空气极材料。值得注意的是,研究发现电解条件下的体电阻和极化电阻均较低,电池有严重的漏电现象,影响电池电解时的法拉第效率。第四章:基于第三章的研究内容,我们发现质子导体电解池在工作模式下存在严重的漏电,导致法拉第效率较低,然而目前文献中没有关于漏电对电极极化性能影响的研究。为此,我们提出了一个可以计算真实极化电阻(Rp,r)的等效电路模型,利用该模型可计算出电池工作中各速控步骤对应的Rp,r,将其与表观极化电阻(Rp)进行对比、分析,可研究质子导体电解质漏电对各速控步骤及电解效率的影响。本工作使用Sr2.8La0.2Fe2O7-δ(SLF)材料作为空气极进行研究。利用电化学交流阻抗谱结合等效电路模型对单电池的极化电阻进行研究。研究结果表明,温度越高电解质漏电越严重;电解电压越大漏电越严重;空气极水分压提高能促进水的电解。与此同时,各速控步骤随着各工作条件的改变发生相应的变化。这一结果表明,电解电压对各速控步骤速率提升有着不同的促进作用。第五章:为进一步提高空气极材料的电催化活性,通过结构的调控,成功制备出三层R-P型新材料Sr3EuFe3O10-δ(3-SEF),并进行了掺杂改性研究。制备了一系列组成为Sr3EuFe3-xCoxO10-δ(x=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5)(3-SEFCx)的材料,研究了 Co含量对材料结构和性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,3-SEFCx材料确实具有三层结构,并且随着Co掺杂量的增加,材料颗粒变大,烧结活性提高。以BZCY为电解质,3-SEFCx系列材料为阴极制备对称电池,电池极化电阻随Co含量变化明显,当Co掺杂量为0.5时,对称电池Rp骤减,当继续提高Co掺杂量时,Rp减小缓慢。以3-SEFC0.5材料作为阴极的电池,700 ℃时最大功率密度达到约900 mW cm-2,Rp为0.030 Ω cm2,表明3层R-P结构比两层R-P结构阴极的电化学活性更高,这主要是与R-P结构中离子和电子传导的各向异性有关。
Abstract
neng yuan he huan jing shi dang jin liang da yan jun wen ti 。chuan tong de hua dan ran liao ,bi ru mei tan 、dan you deng zai xiao hao shi bu jin neng liang zhuai huan xiao lv di ,er ju hui zao cheng yan chong de huan jing wu ran 。yin ci ,pai qie xu yao fa zhan xin neng yuan he neng liang zhuai huan xin ji shu 。gu ti yang hua wu dian chi (Solid Oxide Cell,SOC)shi yi chong qing jie 、gao xiao de neng liang zhuai huan zhuang zhi 。ta you liang chong gong zuo mo shi ,yi chong shi ran liao dian chi (Fuel Cell,FC)mo shi ,zhi jie jiang hua xue neng zhuai huan wei dian neng jin hang li yong ;ling yi chong shi dian jie chi (Electrolysis Cell,EC)mo shi ,zhi jie jiang dian neng zhuai huan wei hua xue neng jin hang chu cun 。FChe EChu wei ni guo cheng ,bing ju liang chong gong zuo mo shi ke yi zai tong yi ge dian chi shang shi xian ,zhe wei neng liang de li yong he chu cun dai lai ji da de bian li 。dui yu Niji wei ran liao ji de dian chi er yan ,liang chong mo shi xia de dian chi ji hua sun shi jun zhu yao lai zi yu kong qi ji ,yin ci ,she ji chu you yi de kong qi ji cai liao dui yu dian chi xing neng de di sheng he gong zuo wen du de di wen hua ju you chong yao yi yi 。jin nian lai ,zhi zi xing SOCyi ji geng kuo yu zhong di wen xia yun hang er shou dao an fan guan zhu 。chuan tong gai tai kuang he shuang gai tai kuang cai liao mei you zhi zi chuan shu neng li ,dian ji ji hua sun shi xiang dui jiao da ,bing ju zhe lei cai liao zai ECgong zuo mo shi zhong wen ding xing jiao cha 。Ruddlesden-Popper(R-P)xing cai liao Sr3Fe2O7-δ(SFO)ju you du te de jing ti jie gou he you yi dian hua xue xing neng ,shi ji cheng wei zhong wen SOCkong qi ji cai liao de hou shua zhe 。ran er ,ta zai gao shui ya qi fen zhong jie gou wen ding xing cha bing ju dui yang hai yuan fan ying cui hua zuo yong jiao di 。zeng shang suo shu ,ben lun wen zhao xun jiang shu tong guo A/Bwei can za qu dai di sheng SFOcai liao de jie gou wen ding xing he cui hua huo xing 。zhu yao jie guo ru xia :di yi zhang :xu lun bu fen ,zhu yao jie shao lun wen de yan jiu bei jing 、SOCde gong zuo yuan li yi ji dian ji he dian jie zhi cai liao de fa zhan 。chong dian zong jie le zhi zi dao ti gu ti yang hua wu dian chi (P-SOC)kong qi ji cai liao de xing neng ,jian shu dian hua xue xing neng de yan jiu fang fa he fen xi shou duan ,tong shi di chu le ben lun wen de li ti yi ju yu yan jiu nei rong 。di er zhang :jie ge mi du fan han li lun (DFT)he shi yan fang fa biao zheng SFOcai liao de yang li zi chuan dao xing neng he dian hua xue xing neng 。DFTji suan jie guo biao ming ,SFOti xiang zhong de yang kong wei xing cheng neng jiao di ,liang ceng gai tai kuang ceng de zhong jian jiao dian wei zhi shang yang kong wei xing cheng neng zui di ,jin wei 0.53 eV,bing ju yang li zi qian yi neng lei jiao di ,yan [010]fang xiang zui di 。ran er Sr-Oyan yan ceng shi ji zui wen ding biao mian ,dui yang hai yuan guo cheng de cui hua zuo yong jiao cha 。wei ci ,wo men she ji le Cocan za SFO(SFCO)cai liao ,li yong Cocan za di gao yang zai SFObiao mian de xi fu jie li su lv 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,SFCOcai liao ju you you yi de dian xing neng he yang hai yuan cui hua neng li ,zai 650 0Cshi ,yang biao mian jiao huan ji shu (kδ)he yang ti kuo san ji shu (Dδ)fen bie wei 1.2×10-4 cm s-1he 6.00×10-6cm2s-1。yi Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)wei dian jie zhi ,SFCOwei yin ji de chan dian chi ,650℃xia dian chi ji hua dian zu wei 0.106 Ω cm2,zui da gong lv mi du wei 685 mW cm-2。di san zhang :cong suan jian du diao kong de sai lu chu fa ,Eu2O3suan xing ming xian gao yu SrO,gu shua qu Eudui Sr3Fe2O7-δjin hang can za de dao SrEu2Fe207-δ(SEF),yi di gao ji zai gao shui fen ya zhong de wen ding xing 。li yong Xshe xian yan she (XRD)fen xi le cai liao ge cheng guo cheng zhong de xiang jie gou yan bian guo cheng ,ling wai ,tong guo XRDjing xiu chu ge yuan zi zhan wei ,fa xian SEFyang kong wei ji shao ,yin ci cai qu Cocan za lai diao kong yang kong wei he di gao ji dian cui hua huo xing 。sao miao tou she dian zi xian wei jing (STEM)tu xiang biao ming Euyuan su zhan ju yan yan ceng ,er Sryuan su zhan ju liang ceng gai tai kuang ceng de zhong jian wei zhi 。yi BaZr0.3Ce0.5Y0.2O3-δ(BZCY)wei dian jie zhi ,Cocan za de SEF(SEFC)cai liao wei kong qi ji de chan dian chi ju you you yi de dian hua xue xing neng he wen ding xing 。zai ran liao ji he kong qi ji fen bie tong ru 3%H20-H2he 10%H20-kong qi ,700 ℃、0.7 Vfang dian gong zuo shi dian liu mi du wei 432 mA cm-2,1.5 Vdian jie gong zuo shi de dian liu mi du wei -2058 mA cm-2。you ji shi ,dian chi zai 600 ℃、1.3 Vdian jie tiao jian xia ,wen ding yun hang le 230xiao shi ,xing neng ji hu mo cui jian ;er zai 1.3-0.7 Vke ni mo shi jiao ti qie huan yun hang zhong yun hang 135xiao shi ,bing ju re xun huan chao guo 10ci ,reng ke bao chi liang hao de wen ding xing 。zhe xie jie guo biao ming ,SEFCshi you yi de ke ni P-SOC(P-RSOC)kong qi ji cai liao 。zhi de zhu yi de shi ,yan jiu fa xian dian jie tiao jian xia de ti dian zu he ji hua dian zu jun jiao di ,dian chi you yan chong de lou dian xian xiang ,ying xiang dian chi dian jie shi de fa la di xiao lv 。di si zhang :ji yu di san zhang de yan jiu nei rong ,wo men fa xian zhi zi dao ti dian jie chi zai gong zuo mo shi xia cun zai yan chong de lou dian ,dao zhi fa la di xiao lv jiao di ,ran er mu qian wen suo zhong mei you guan yu lou dian dui dian ji ji hua xing neng ying xiang de yan jiu 。wei ci ,wo men di chu le yi ge ke yi ji suan zhen shi ji hua dian zu (Rp,r)de deng xiao dian lu mo xing ,li yong gai mo xing ke ji suan chu dian chi gong zuo zhong ge su kong bu zhou dui ying de Rp,r,jiang ji yu biao guan ji hua dian zu (Rp)jin hang dui bi 、fen xi ,ke yan jiu zhi zi dao ti dian jie zhi lou dian dui ge su kong bu zhou ji dian jie xiao lv de ying xiang 。ben gong zuo shi yong Sr2.8La0.2Fe2O7-δ(SLF)cai liao zuo wei kong qi ji jin hang yan jiu 。li yong dian hua xue jiao liu zu kang pu jie ge deng xiao dian lu mo xing dui chan dian chi de ji hua dian zu jin hang yan jiu 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,wen du yue gao dian jie zhi lou dian yue yan chong ;dian jie dian ya yue da lou dian yue yan chong ;kong qi ji shui fen ya di gao neng cu jin shui de dian jie 。yu ci tong shi ,ge su kong bu zhou sui zhao ge gong zuo tiao jian de gai bian fa sheng xiang ying de bian hua 。zhe yi jie guo biao ming ,dian jie dian ya dui ge su kong bu zhou su lv di sheng you zhao bu tong de cu jin zuo yong 。di wu zhang :wei jin yi bu di gao kong qi ji cai liao de dian cui hua huo xing ,tong guo jie gou de diao kong ,cheng gong zhi bei chu san ceng R-Pxing xin cai liao Sr3EuFe3O10-δ(3-SEF),bing jin hang le can za gai xing yan jiu 。zhi bei le yi ji lie zu cheng wei Sr3EuFe3-xCoxO10-δ(x=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5)(3-SEFCx)de cai liao ,yan jiu le Cohan liang dui cai liao jie gou he xing neng de ying xiang gui lv 。yan jiu jie guo biao ming ,3-SEFCxcai liao que shi ju you san ceng jie gou ,bing ju sui zhao Cocan za liang de zeng jia ,cai liao ke li bian da ,shao jie huo xing di gao 。yi BZCYwei dian jie zhi ,3-SEFCxji lie cai liao wei yin ji zhi bei dui chen dian chi ,dian chi ji hua dian zu sui Cohan liang bian hua ming xian ,dang Cocan za liang wei 0.5shi ,dui chen dian chi Rpzhou jian ,dang ji xu di gao Cocan za liang shi ,Rpjian xiao huan man 。yi 3-SEFC0.5cai liao zuo wei yin ji de dian chi ,700 ℃shi zui da gong lv mi du da dao yao 900 mW cm-2,Rpwei 0.030 Ω cm2,biao ming 3ceng R-Pjie gou bi liang ceng R-Pjie gou yin ji de dian hua xue huo xing geng gao ,zhe zhu yao shi yu R-Pjie gou zhong li zi he dian zi chuan dao de ge xiang yi xing you guan 。
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论文作者分别是来自中国科学技术大学的宦道明,发表于刊物中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文,是一篇关于固体氧化物电池论文,空气极论文,结构论文,等效电路论文,掺杂改性论文,中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:固体氧化物电池论文; 空气极论文; 结构论文; 等效电路论文; 掺杂改性论文; 中国科学技术大学2019-07-12论文;