论文摘要
放线菌是一类有重要价值的微生物资源。约70%左右的抗生素都由其产生。海绵是最原始的无脊椎海洋生物,底栖滤食的特性使其体内富集了大量的微生物,成为海洋微生物的资源库。对于海绵中放线菌进行分离将是获得和应用海洋放线菌资源的一条重要途径。论文以大连海域繁茂膜海绵为模式体系,重点研究海绵放线菌的分离条件及培养基。在探索出适宜方法的同时分得放线菌244株,系首次从海绵中大量分离获得放线菌株的研究。以HhaI进行的16S rDNA-RFLP分析显示,分离得到的放线菌可分为11种谱带类型。首次提出采用HhaI的16S rDNA-RFLP分析能对放线菌进行属一级别的鉴定。对菌株测序表明繁茂膜海绵中分离得到的放线菌包含7个不同属。除链霉菌属外都是首次从海绵中分离到,其中假诺卡氏和异壁放线菌两属系首次从海洋环境中分离。分离株HPA177通过对培养形态、生理实验、化学组成和16S rDNA鉴定证明其为异壁放线菌属的一个新种,命名为繁茂膜异壁放线菌(Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis. sp. nov.)利用已建立的海绵放线菌分离的方法,对其它5种海绵进行了放线菌分离,获得菌株181株。通过海绵种类,分布和从中分离得到的放线菌分析。对海绵中放线菌分离方法进行了归纳和总结。对繁茂膜海绵中得到菌株的进行初筛,实验结果表明,具有各类抗菌活性的菌株数目为148株,约占菌株的61%。抗肿瘤筛选中,20.0%的放线菌具有超过50%的抑制肿瘤细胞生长能力。发现一株抗菌抗肿瘤活性都很强的B37,在培养优化基础上进行25L规模的发酵和提取。分离得到环肽化合物maculosin,系该化合物首次从革兰氏阳性菌中产生。
论文目录
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