论文摘要
哈代(1840—1928),享誉全球的小说家,诗人。《无名的裘德》是他最后一部长篇小说,自它于1896年现世,就引起的争论颇多,褒贬不一,但随着时间的沉淀,多数的评论家和读者都因为它精致的结构和简单却不失跌宕的情节,公认它为哈代的“天鹅之歌”。本文就哈代的悲剧观和对他对悲剧小说的特殊理解与贡献作一讨论。第一章通过探寻哈代悲剧观形成的心理路程展开讨论。通过把传统悲剧的经典理论与现代小说形式的完美结合,哈代巧妙的表达了他的艺术目的在于展示人性中最严肃,最悲壮的一面,其内容和形式达到了高度的统一。哈代悲剧观的形成,与他的艺术观一样,也是错综复杂的。对他影响最大的是他本人的生活经历;对英国现实生活的敏锐体察,古典文学,特别是古典悲剧,还有当时科学思潮和哲学文论等。因此,哈代既是一位继承者又是一位开拓者,地位突出。第二章以《无名的裘德》作为典型例子,对哈代的悲剧艺术进行分析和论证。先从裘德短暂生命中所遭遇的窘境入手,展现裘德在追求教育,爱情和信仰的道路上所进行的努力和斗争,以及他在其中所遭遇的失望甚至绝望,随着分析的深入,讨论重点转移到了人在生存中所碰到的内外的各种冲突,这也就成为了第三章论述的焦点。通过逐一对裘德与外界环境的冲突,自己内心的挣扎,哈代悲观主义的精髓也越来越明晰。哈代意在向读者展现生活最冷酷,最惨烈却又是最真实的一面,面对浩大的宇宙和复杂的生活,人显得愈发渺小和无助。然而,哈代却从未对人性和未来失去信心。为追求悲剧效果的最大化,形式和内容的统一无疑是至高的要求。第四章分析的重点就是,哈代娴熟灵巧的把握住了它们节奏的统一。他把传统悲剧中的情节统一转换为人物统一,发现和突转等手法恰当的运用,再加上适当的应用了象征这种现代小说的写作技巧,就使得悲剧的理想和现实小说的形式融为一体,形成了新的悲剧小说。独特的艺术形式传达了丰富的美学价值,那就是人在厄运下所表现出的人格的崇高,对自由的崇尚以及坚持不懈的精神。综上所述,哈代是一位用小说形式写作的伟大悲剧作家,用悲剧精神观察和描写生活的现实主义作家。《无名的裘德》也必将以其感人至深的悲剧精神和无与伦比的小说结构越来越受读者和评论家的喜爱。
论文目录
Abstract摘要IntroductionChapter 1 The Formation of Hardy's Tragic Vision1.1 The Circumstances of Hardy's Age1.1.1 His Life Experience1.1.2 The Social Changes1.1.3 The Influence of the Contemporary Scholars1.2 The Literary Origins of His Writing1.2.1 The Influence of Greek Tragedies1.2.2 The Influence of Holy Bible1.2.3 The Influence of Shakespeare1.2.4 A Great Innovator of the Tragic Tradition1.3 The Essence of Hardy's PessimismChapter 2 The Exploration of Human Predicaments2.1 The Realistic Presentation of Jude's Predicaments2.1.1 His Education Pursuit2.1.2 His Spiritual Yearning2.1.3 His Love and Marriage2.1.4 His Religious Belief2.2 The Truthful Portrait of Jude2.2.1 A Flawed Personality2.2.2 Complexities of Jude's Character2.2.3 Jude's Susceptibility to the Chivalric Code2.2.4 Probation into Man's Complex CharacterChapter 3 The Modernistic Conflicts Implied in Jude the Obscure3.1 External Conflicts3.1.1 The Relationship between Man and Nature3.1.2 The Relationship between Man and Society3.1.3 Interpersonal Relationship3.2 Internal Conflicts3.2.1 Conflict between Spirit and Flesh3.2.2 Conflict between Man and his Helfhood3.3 The Modernism of Hardy's Tragic FictionChapter 4 The Aesthetic Values of Hardy's Tragic Fictions4.1 The Aesthetic Features of Hardy’s Tragic Fictions4.1.1 Unifying Characterization to Achieve the Unity of Action4.1.2 Using Recognition and Reversal to Achieve the Tragic Effects4.1.3 The Application of Symbolism4.2 The Aesthetic Values4.2.1 The Sublime of Personality4.2.2 Free Spirit4.2.3 Resistant Spirit4.3 The Tragic EffectsConclusionBibliographyNotesAcknowledgementsResume
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标签:悲剧小说论文; 窘境论文; 冲突论文; 美学价值论文;