论文摘要
近年来,有机聚合物太阳能电池的研究备受人们关注。在众多导电聚合物中,聚苯胺(PANI)由于其自身的优异特性,被认为是目前最有希望在实际中得到应用的导电聚合物。本论文以苯胺(AN)为单体,质子酸为H+掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,用化学法合成了电导率较高的PANI。分别研究了对甲基苯磺酸(p-TSA)、H2SO4、HCl及H3P04等不同种类质子酸以及以p-TSA为H+掺杂剂时,APS的用量对PANI电导率σ的影响。结果表明,以1.00mol·L-1的p-TSA为H+掺杂剂、APS和AN摩尔比nAPS:nAN=1:1时合成的PANI电导率σ最高,为200S.cm-1。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究结果表明,在此条件下合成的PANI为直径约60nm的纤维,纤维的分支化程度比较高,这有利于减小PANI的分子链间电阻,提高材料电导率。采用循环伏安(CV)法和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度法分析了在上述实验条件下合成的PANI的能级结构。根据差热-热重分析(DSC-TG)结果确定了所合成的PANI的玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,PANI的最高占有轨道的能级EHOMO=-4.85eV,最低空轨道的能级ELUMO=-3.20eV,能隙Eg=1.656V。PANI的玻璃化转变温度约为185℃,结构坍缩温度大于225℃。采用溶剂蒸发法制备了以PANI与La203共混活性层为体异质结的光伏器件ITO/PANI:La2O3/ITO。改变活性层中PANI与La203的质量比,在暗箱和模拟太阳光照射的条件下分别测试了器件的电流-电压(I-U)特性曲线。结果表明,当PANI与La203的质量比为1:4时器件的光伏性能最佳,开路电压UOC=117mV,短路电流ISC=53μA,填充因子FF=0.222。研究了La203在700℃下预烧结处理以及ITO/PANI:La2O3/ITO器件在200℃下的退火处理对ITO/PANI:La2O3/ITO光伏性能的影响。X-射线衍射实验结果表明,预烧结后,La203粉体的粒度变化不明显,但纯度增大。SEM实验结果表明,退火有利于PANI:La2O3活性层中材料结构的规整。进行上述两种热处理方法后,ITO/PANI:La2O3/ITO器件的Isc和FF都有明显的、不同程度的增加。
论文目录
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