本文主要研究内容
作者郭云力（2019）在《碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的雷击防护》一文中研究指出：碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)具有较高的力学强度和刚度,优异的抗疲劳性和腐蚀性能,并且密度低,具有显著的减重优势,在航空航天领域广泛应用。高强度且轻质量的碳纤维复合材料可以大幅度地提高飞机的载客量和燃油效率,所以在飞机中大范围应用是必然趋势。然而,碳纤维复合材料导电性差,遭受雷击后,不像金属结构件可以快速释放电流,导致碳纤维复合材料很容易遭受雷击损伤,严重威胁飞行安全。为了保证碳纤维复合材料在飞机中应用的安全性,必须对其进行雷击防护。因此,研究碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤和雷击防护,提高碳纤维复合材料的雷击防护能力,对提高碳纤维复合材料在飞机中应用的安全性具有重要意义。鉴于以上背景,提出了本课题的研究。本文以实验为主,有限元模拟为辅,实验和模拟相结合对碳纤维复合材料雷击防护的若干个问题做了深入的研究。首先,通过人工雷击实验和有限元模拟揭示了碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤机理和规律;其次,分别以扩展金属网(EMF)和镀镍碳毡(Ni-CFNV)为例,研究了不同雷击防护层的防护效果和机理;最后,以玻璃纤维隔离层为例,探究用于消除电化学腐蚀的隔离层的雷击防护效果和机理。主要研究内容和结果如下:碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤实验表明,碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤包括树脂烧蚀、碳纤维断裂和铺层开裂三种主要形式,雷击损伤的主要诱因为雷击过程产生的高温和机械力。碳纤维复合材料遭受雷击后,表面发生严重的树脂烧蚀和纤维断裂损伤,内部出现大量分层损伤,表面损伤面积和内部分层面积并不重合,但均以雷击点为中心逐渐向铺层方向和厚度方向延伸。碳纤维复合材料在不同的雷电波形下,具有不同的损伤特点和损伤机理。碳纤维复合材料遭受标准D波(冲击电流波形,100 kA)后的损伤集中于一个雷电附着点,面积小,深度大;碳纤维复合材料遭受标准C波(持续电流波形,200 Coulomb)后的损伤呈点状随机分布,面积大,深度小。标准C波具有典型的热烧蚀效应,标准D波具有典型的电-热-机械冲击效应。本文使用Friedman法分析不同升温速率下的热重曲线,获得了碳纤维复合材料热解动力学方程的全部参数,并采用差分法推导了热解度cα的表达式。进而通过耦合电-热场和热解动力学本构,建立了碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤模型,可以很好地仿真碳纤维复合材料遭受雷击后的热烧蚀过程。有限元模拟结果和实验结果吻合度较高,说明了本文有限元模型的准确度和适用性。通过比较雷击损伤模拟结果和实验结果,建立了具有普适性的碳纤维复合材料雷击损伤判据,即:用温度场评估雷击损伤面积,用热解度场评估雷击损伤深度。扩展金属网在标准C波和标准D波人工模拟雷电实验条件下,具有较高的雷击防护效率。虽然扩展金属网被雷电烧蚀,但是下面的碳纤维铺层基本保持完整,相比无防护的碳纤维复合材料试样,明显降低了雷击损伤程度,提高了雷击后的剩余强度和剩余模量。扩展金属网的防护效率随着面密度的增加而提高;扩展铝网的雷击防护效率显著高于相同面密度的扩展铜网,甚至高于自身面密度二倍的扩展铜网。雷击防护胶膜的效率主要取决于其内部扩展金属网的面密度,和胶膜层的关系不大。试样雷击后的损伤形貌表明扩展金属网雷击防护层的电导率具有各向异性的特点。本文通过建立RVE模型和有限元计算,证明了扩展金属网电导率具有各向异性,其LWD(Long Width of Diamond,菱形网格长对角线)方向的电导率为其SWD(Short Width of Diamond,菱形网格短对角线)方向电导率的2-5倍。扩展金属网具有各向异性的电导率主要因为其菱形网格的LWD大于SWD,通过调节LWD/SWD,可以设计扩展金属网电导率各向异性的程度(σLWD/σSWD)。以扩展金属网为例,本文提出了利用各向异性防护层提高雷击防护效率的新方法。在飞机雷击1区和3区,扩展金属网的LWD方向需要设计为与雷电电流路径方向相同,在雷击2区,扩展金属网的LWD方向需要设计为与飞机飞行的方向垂直。作为一种金属和非金属一体化(杂化)材料,镀镍碳毡具有优异的雷击防护性能,雷击实验表明,在标准C波和标准D波下,70 g/m2的镀镍碳毡比73 g/m2的商用扩展铜网具有更高的雷击防护效率,因此,镀镍碳毡可替代金属网作为飞机2区碳纤维复合材料结构件的雷击防护方案。镀镍碳毡由皮芯结构的镀镍碳纤维构成,具有镍涂层网络和碳纤维骨架两个雷击防护网络,其雷击防护机理可由这两个网络的协同作用解释:镍涂层网络使得镀镍碳毡具有更高的导电性,碳纤维骨架增加了镀镍碳毡的耐烧蚀性。除了防护层的导电性以外,防护层的耐烧蚀性也是影响碳纤维复合材料雷击防护效率的重要因素,优异的雷击防护方案必须兼具导电性和耐烧蚀。人工雷击实验证明了用于电化学腐蚀防护的玻璃纤维隔离层可提高碳纤维复合材料的雷击防护效率。玻璃纤维隔离层的雷击防护效果基于一种“隔离”机制,这可以通过它的电绝缘性、热绝缘性和耐火性来解释。作为电绝缘体,玻璃纤维可以防止雷电电弧、电火花和电流向下渗透到下面的碳纤维复合材料铺层,避免了碳纤维复合材料遭受内部焦耳热的烧蚀。作为绝热体,玻璃纤维可以阻止雷电的等离子体、电弧或火花和防护层的焦耳热或火焰的热量传递到下面的碳纤维复合材料,抑制外部热对碳纤维铺层的烧蚀。玻璃纤维隔离层的耐火性可以有效延长玻璃纤维使用寿命,隔离雷电的电荷和热量,抑制碳纤维复合材料的燃烧。在雷击防护层和碳纤维铺层之间插入绝缘的、热绝缘的且耐火的隔离层,不但可以消除防护层的电化学腐蚀,还可以提高雷击防护效果。综上所述,本文从碳纤维复合材料的雷击损伤机理出发,分别研究了防护层和隔离层在雷击防护中的作用,揭示了碳纤维复合材料雷击防护的机理和规律,对飞机上碳纤维复合材料结构件雷击防护性能的优化设计具有重要指导意义。
Abstract
tan qian wei zeng jiang shu zhi ji fu ge cai liao (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)ju you jiao gao de li xue jiang du he gang du ,you yi de kang pi lao xing he fu shi xing neng ,bing ju mi du di ,ju you xian zhe de jian chong you shi ,zai hang kong hang tian ling yu an fan ying yong 。gao jiang du ju qing zhi liang de tan qian wei fu ge cai liao ke yi da fu du de di gao fei ji de zai ke liang he ran you xiao lv ,suo yi zai fei ji zhong da fan wei ying yong shi bi ran qu shi 。ran er ,tan qian wei fu ge cai liao dao dian xing cha ,zao shou lei ji hou ,bu xiang jin shu jie gou jian ke yi kuai su shi fang dian liu ,dao zhi tan qian wei fu ge cai liao hen rong yi zao shou lei ji sun shang ,yan chong wei xie fei hang an quan 。wei le bao zheng tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zai fei ji zhong ying yong de an quan xing ,bi xu dui ji jin hang lei ji fang hu 。yin ci ,yan jiu tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang he lei ji fang hu ,di gao tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji fang hu neng li ,dui di gao tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zai fei ji zhong ying yong de an quan xing ju you chong yao yi yi 。jian yu yi shang bei jing ,di chu le ben ke ti de yan jiu 。ben wen yi shi yan wei zhu ,you xian yuan mo ni wei fu ,shi yan he mo ni xiang jie ge dui tan qian wei fu ge cai liao lei ji fang hu de re gan ge wen ti zuo le shen ru de yan jiu 。shou xian ,tong guo ren gong lei ji shi yan he you xian yuan mo ni jie shi le tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang ji li he gui lv ;ji ci ,fen bie yi kuo zhan jin shu wang (EMF)he du nie tan zhan (Ni-CFNV)wei li ,yan jiu le bu tong lei ji fang hu ceng de fang hu xiao guo he ji li ;zui hou ,yi bo li qian wei ge li ceng wei li ,tan jiu yong yu xiao chu dian hua xue fu shi de ge li ceng de lei ji fang hu xiao guo he ji li 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie guo ru xia :tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang shi yan biao ming ,tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang bao gua shu zhi shao shi 、tan qian wei duan lie he pu ceng kai lie san chong zhu yao xing shi ,lei ji sun shang de zhu yao you yin wei lei ji guo cheng chan sheng de gao wen he ji xie li 。tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zao shou lei ji hou ,biao mian fa sheng yan chong de shu zhi shao shi he qian wei duan lie sun shang ,nei bu chu xian da liang fen ceng sun shang ,biao mian sun shang mian ji he nei bu fen ceng mian ji bing bu chong ge ,dan jun yi lei ji dian wei zhong xin zhu jian xiang pu ceng fang xiang he hou du fang xiang yan shen 。tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zai bu tong de lei dian bo xing xia ,ju you bu tong de sun shang te dian he sun shang ji li 。tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zao shou biao zhun Dbo (chong ji dian liu bo xing ,100 kA)hou de sun shang ji zhong yu yi ge lei dian fu zhao dian ,mian ji xiao ,shen du da ;tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zao shou biao zhun Cbo (chi xu dian liu bo xing ,200 Coulomb)hou de sun shang cheng dian zhuang sui ji fen bu ,mian ji da ,shen du xiao 。biao zhun Cbo ju you dian xing de re shao shi xiao ying ,biao zhun Dbo ju you dian xing de dian -re -ji xie chong ji xiao ying 。ben wen shi yong Friedmanfa fen xi bu tong sheng wen su lv xia de re chong qu xian ,huo de le tan qian wei fu ge cai liao re jie dong li xue fang cheng de quan bu can shu ,bing cai yong cha fen fa tui dao le re jie du cαde biao da shi 。jin er tong guo ou ge dian -re chang he re jie dong li xue ben gou ,jian li le tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang mo xing ,ke yi hen hao de fang zhen tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zao shou lei ji hou de re shao shi guo cheng 。you xian yuan mo ni jie guo he shi yan jie guo wen ge du jiao gao ,shui ming le ben wen you xian yuan mo xing de zhun que du he kuo yong xing 。tong guo bi jiao lei ji sun shang mo ni jie guo he shi yan jie guo ,jian li le ju you pu kuo xing de tan qian wei fu ge cai liao lei ji sun shang pan ju ,ji :yong wen du chang ping gu lei ji sun shang mian ji ,yong re jie du chang ping gu lei ji sun shang shen du 。kuo zhan jin shu wang zai biao zhun Cbo he biao zhun Dbo ren gong mo ni lei dian shi yan tiao jian xia ,ju you jiao gao de lei ji fang hu xiao lv 。sui ran kuo zhan jin shu wang bei lei dian shao shi ,dan shi xia mian de tan qian wei pu ceng ji ben bao chi wan zheng ,xiang bi mo fang hu de tan qian wei fu ge cai liao shi yang ,ming xian jiang di le lei ji sun shang cheng du ,di gao le lei ji hou de sheng yu jiang du he sheng yu mo liang 。kuo zhan jin shu wang de fang hu xiao lv sui zhao mian mi du de zeng jia er di gao ;kuo zhan lv wang de lei ji fang hu xiao lv xian zhe gao yu xiang tong mian mi du de kuo zhan tong wang ,shen zhi gao yu zi shen mian mi du er bei de kuo zhan tong wang 。lei ji fang hu jiao mo de xiao lv zhu yao qu jue yu ji nei bu kuo zhan jin shu wang de mian mi du ,he jiao mo ceng de guan ji bu da 。shi yang lei ji hou de sun shang xing mao biao ming kuo zhan jin shu wang lei ji fang hu ceng de dian dao lv ju you ge xiang yi xing de te dian 。ben wen tong guo jian li RVEmo xing he you xian yuan ji suan ,zheng ming le kuo zhan jin shu wang dian dao lv ju you ge xiang yi xing ,ji LWD(Long Width of Diamond,ling xing wang ge chang dui jiao xian )fang xiang de dian dao lv wei ji SWD(Short Width of Diamond,ling xing wang ge duan dui jiao xian )fang xiang dian dao lv de 2-5bei 。kuo zhan jin shu wang ju you ge xiang yi xing de dian dao lv zhu yao yin wei ji ling xing wang ge de LWDda yu SWD,tong guo diao jie LWD/SWD,ke yi she ji kuo zhan jin shu wang dian dao lv ge xiang yi xing de cheng du (σLWD/σSWD)。yi kuo zhan jin shu wang wei li ,ben wen di chu le li yong ge xiang yi xing fang hu ceng di gao lei ji fang hu xiao lv de xin fang fa 。zai fei ji lei ji 1ou he 3ou ,kuo zhan jin shu wang de LWDfang xiang xu yao she ji wei yu lei dian dian liu lu jing fang xiang xiang tong ,zai lei ji 2ou ,kuo zhan jin shu wang de LWDfang xiang xu yao she ji wei yu fei ji fei hang de fang xiang chui zhi 。zuo wei yi chong jin shu he fei jin shu yi ti hua (za hua )cai liao ,du nie tan zhan ju you you yi de lei ji fang hu xing neng ,lei ji shi yan biao ming ,zai biao zhun Cbo he biao zhun Dbo xia ,70 g/m2de du nie tan zhan bi 73 g/m2de shang yong kuo zhan tong wang ju you geng gao de lei ji fang hu xiao lv ,yin ci ,du nie tan zhan ke ti dai jin shu wang zuo wei fei ji 2ou tan qian wei fu ge cai liao jie gou jian de lei ji fang hu fang an 。du nie tan zhan you pi xin jie gou de du nie tan qian wei gou cheng ,ju you nie tu ceng wang lao he tan qian wei gu jia liang ge lei ji fang hu wang lao ,ji lei ji fang hu ji li ke you zhe liang ge wang lao de xie tong zuo yong jie shi :nie tu ceng wang lao shi de du nie tan zhan ju you geng gao de dao dian xing ,tan qian wei gu jia zeng jia le du nie tan zhan de nai shao shi xing 。chu le fang hu ceng de dao dian xing yi wai ,fang hu ceng de nai shao shi xing ye shi ying xiang tan qian wei fu ge cai liao lei ji fang hu xiao lv de chong yao yin su ,you yi de lei ji fang hu fang an bi xu jian ju dao dian xing he nai shao shi 。ren gong lei ji shi yan zheng ming le yong yu dian hua xue fu shi fang hu de bo li qian wei ge li ceng ke di gao tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji fang hu xiao lv 。bo li qian wei ge li ceng de lei ji fang hu xiao guo ji yu yi chong “ge li ”ji zhi ,zhe ke yi tong guo ta de dian jue yuan xing 、re jue yuan xing he nai huo xing lai jie shi 。zuo wei dian jue yuan ti ,bo li qian wei ke yi fang zhi lei dian dian hu 、dian huo hua he dian liu xiang xia shen tou dao xia mian de tan qian wei fu ge cai liao pu ceng ,bi mian le tan qian wei fu ge cai liao zao shou nei bu jiao er re de shao shi 。zuo wei jue re ti ,bo li qian wei ke yi zu zhi lei dian de deng li zi ti 、dian hu huo huo hua he fang hu ceng de jiao er re huo huo yan de re liang chuan di dao xia mian de tan qian wei fu ge cai liao ,yi zhi wai bu re dui tan qian wei pu ceng de shao shi 。bo li qian wei ge li ceng de nai huo xing ke yi you xiao yan chang bo li qian wei shi yong shou ming ,ge li lei dian de dian he he re liang ,yi zhi tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de ran shao 。zai lei ji fang hu ceng he tan qian wei pu ceng zhi jian cha ru jue yuan de 、re jue yuan de ju nai huo de ge li ceng ,bu dan ke yi xiao chu fang hu ceng de dian hua xue fu shi ,hai ke yi di gao lei ji fang hu xiao guo 。zeng shang suo shu ,ben wen cong tan qian wei fu ge cai liao de lei ji sun shang ji li chu fa ,fen bie yan jiu le fang hu ceng he ge li ceng zai lei ji fang hu zhong de zuo yong ,jie shi le tan qian wei fu ge cai liao lei ji fang hu de ji li he gui lv ,dui fei ji shang tan qian wei fu ge cai liao jie gou jian lei ji fang hu xing neng de you hua she ji ju you chong yao zhi dao yi yi 。
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论文作者分别是来自山东大学的郭云力，发表于刊物山东大学2019-07-16论文，是一篇关于碳纤维复合材料论文,雷击损伤论文,雷击防护论文,有限元模拟论文,山东大学2019-07-16论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东大学2019-07-16论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：碳纤维复合材料论文; 雷击损伤论文; 雷击防护论文; 有限元模拟论文; 山东大学2019-07-16论文;