论文摘要
作为日常交际中频繁发生的一种语用现象,误解受到了众多国内外学者的关注。他们从不同角度和在不同层面作出了卓越的贡献,但对其的研究工作还有待完善。有些误解能够被发现和澄清。但是有些误解会产生严重后果甚至导致交际失败。为了更有效的促进交际活动,对于误解的研究有重要的理论和现实意义。本文尝试从语用学角度对言语交际中的误解进行一个更为系统的研究。本文的研究主要在言语行为理论和会话语境框架下进行。误解的本质只有在真实情景的语境中才能得到更清楚的认识。基于真实的误解案例,首先对误解现象作出描述,描述包括一个基于多角度观察的误解定义和以原因为基础的误解分类。误解应该从多角度审视发掘,作为一种交际现象,误解涉及两方:说话者和听话者。对于说话者来说,误解是听话者曲解了他的意思;而听话者认为自己的意见没有得到接受。作为这一现象的解读者,误解是说话人想要表达的意思与说话者的理解之间产生错位。当然,研究的目标并不仅仅是发现这种错位还要探索这种错位是如何产生的。基于原因的分类对分析误解的诱发因素有很大帮助。据观察,误解更易于发生在以下四种情况:语境处置不当的误解,具体意图的误解,伴随意义的误解和多解。第二,本着能消除负面影响促进交际成功的目的,进一步分析了误解产生的原因,既包括语言内的,也包括语言外的,同时探讨了避免误解的有效方法。语言内的原因包括语言本身的歧意和说话者的预设。语言外原因包括听话者知识,说话者关注焦点不同和文化差异。第三,在日常生活中误解招致麻烦令人不快,但是误解并非完全消极。文学作品中,误解在特定的情景下能产生幽默效果,反而能促进言语交际活动。
论文目录
AcknowledgementsAbstract摘要Chapter One Introduction1.1 Rationale and Objectives1.2 Data Collection1.3 Outline of the ThesisChapter Two Literature Review2.1 Pragmatic-orientated Approach2.2 Cognitive Approach2.3 Conversation-analytic Approach2.4 Comments on Previous StudyChapter Three Theoretical Framework3.1 Conversational Context3.1.1 Immediate Context3.1.1.1 Immediate Physical Context3.1.1.2 Immediate Linguistic Context3.1.2 Context in Broad Sense3.1.3 Context in Relevance Theory3.1.4 Choice of a Context3.2 Speech Act Theory3.2.1 Utterance and Its Force3.2.2 Three Kinds of Speech Act3.2.3 Indirect Speech ActsChapter Four Misunderstanding in Conversational Interaction4.1 Definition of Misunderstanding4.1.1 Misunderstanding as a Common Sense Category4.1.2 Misunderstanding and Its "Family"4.1.2.1 Misunderstanding vs.Miscommunication4.1.2.2 Misunderstanding vs.Non-understanding4.1.2.3 Misunderstanding vs. Pragmatic Failure4.1.2.4 Misunderstanding vs. Deliberate Misinterpretation4.1.3 Summary4.2 Classification of Misunderstanding4.2.1 Mismanagement of Utterance Context4.2.2 Misunderstanding of Speaker's Specific Intention4.2.3 Misunderstanding of Connotative Meaning4.2.4 Over Interpretation4.3 Causes for Misunderstanding4.3.1 Ambiguity4.3.1.1 Polysemy4.3.1.2 Homonymy4.3.2 Presupposition4.3.3 Different Focuses4.3.4 Speaker Knowledge of the Hearer4.3.5 Cultural Discrepancy4.4 Avoidance of Misunderstanding4.5 Application of Misunderstanding in Literary Works4.5.1 Humor in Conversational Interaction4.5.2 Misunderstanding as a Trigger of Humor in Literary Works4.5.3 Misunderstanding vs. Deliberate Misunderstanding in Producing HumorChapter Five Conclusion5.1 Summary of the Thesis5.2 Findings and ImplicationsBibliography
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标签:误解论文; 言语交际论文; 幽默论文; 语境论文; 意图论文;