论文摘要
随着我国经济的迅速发展和对外开放的日益扩大,市场对口译人才的需求越来越大,开设口译课成为很多高校外语专业所面临的重要任务。口译课堂教学要以技能教学为主,这些技能包括听力理解记忆,分析综合能力,结构重组,注意力分配,笔记,准确精炼的目的语表达等技巧。而听力理解和记忆是口译的第一步,而恰恰是这第一步成为了口译很难突破的瓶颈,口译教学需要在这个问题花较大的力气,否则,后续的技巧和技能培训只是空中楼阁。虽然口译研究起步较晚,但其发展却比较迅速,随着口译理论研究的深入和发展,在这领域中出现了对口译进行跨学科研究的新趋势。许多的口译理论家和学者不仅用语言学而且还借助心理语言学,心理学,认知语言学甚至是神经学来研究口译时的思维过程。本文将从语言学,心理语言学,认知语言学和心理学的相关理论来研究口译过程中的听力理解和记忆。笔者将通过口译教学实践,分析学生在口译中听力理解和记忆所遇到的障碍,重点分析口译中听力和记忆方面的提高效果,提出一些关于口译听力理解和记忆的教学方法的总结和经验。论文除引言和结语以外,共分为五个章节。引言简要介绍对本文的主要内容和研究方法,对基本思路做概括说明。第一章节介绍口译的基本概念。介绍口译的定义和口译的主要形式(交替传译和同声传译),并简述口译的基本步骤,口译的特点和专业口译人员要具备的素质,然后叙述了主要的口译理论和成果。第二章根据口译的研究理论,重点分析基尔提出的口译任务分配模式,口译过程中听力理解和记忆的重要地位和其相辅相成的密切关系。并从语言听辩,单词,句子和语篇四个层次上对口译的理解进行分析,然后重点分析了口译中听力理解的特点。第三章借助语言学,认知语言学和心理学的相关学科的理论对口译过程中听力理解进行分析,指出口译过程中听力理解存在的听力理解的障碍和解决问题的建议。第四章根据心理学对人类记忆的分类,对口译记忆中的辨认,信息保持和信息提取过程进行尝试的描述。说明口译过程中听力理解和记忆的重要地位和其相辅相成的密切关系。第五章通过口译理论指导口译教学。重点说明口译和笔译的不同特点,并根据口译的特点说明口译课程教学的方法不同于笔译教学。文章指出听力理解和记忆的技能训练的重要性,根据口译教学实践,提出了自己的教学建议。结语部分对全文进行回顾和总结。指出本文希望通过对口译过程中听力理解和记忆过程的分析和研究,并结合笔者的教学实践和总结,提出自己的对口译的理解和口译教学的建议。
论文目录
AcknowledgementAbstract摘要IntroductionChapter One Basic Concepts of Interpretation1.1 Definition of Interpreting1.2 The Two Most Widely-Used Forms of Interpretation1.2.1 Consecutive Interpretation1.2.2 Simultaneous Interpretation1.3 Basic Steps of Interpretation1.3.1 Listening and Comprehension1.3.2 Reorganization in Target Language1.3.3 Reformulation1.4 Basic Characteristics of Interpretation1.4.1 Extemporaneous1.4.2 Instantaneous1.4.3 High Pressure and Heavy Responsibilities1.4.4 Good Comprehensive Abilities1.4.5 Immediate Feedback1.5 Interpreter Qualities1.5.1 Acute Hearing1.5.2 Good Pronunciation1.5.3 Good Memory and Quick Response1.5.4 Wide-ranging Knowledge1.5.5 A Strong Sense of Responsibility1.6 Major Literature on InterpretingChapter Two Listening Comprehension in Interpretation2.1 The Effort Models by Daniel Gile2.1.1 The Listening and Comprehension Effort2.1.2 The Production Effort2.1.3 The Memory Effort2.1.4 The Effort Models2.2 Comprehension in Interpretation2.2.1 Speech Perception2.2.2 Word Recognition2.2.3 Sentence Comprehension2.2.4 Discourse Comprehension2.3 Characteristics of Listening Comprehension in InterpretationChapter Three Listening Comprehension Barriers3.1 Listening Comprehension Barriers in View of Linguistic Knowledge3.1.1 Listening Comprehension Barriers in Phonetic System3.1.2 Listening Comprehension Barriers in Lexical System3.2 Listening Comprehension Barriers in View of Extra-Linguistic Knowledge3.2.1 Subject Knowledge3.2.2 Cultural Knowledge3.2.3 Situational Knowledge3.3 Listening Comprehension Barriers in Psychological Factors of Interpreter3.3.1 Anxiety3.3.2 PreoccupationChapter Four Memory in Interpretation4.1 Types of Memories4.1.1 Sensory Stores4.1.2 Short-term Memory4.1.3 Long-term Memory4.2 Operating Processes of Memory in Interpretation4.2.1 Recognition of Information4.2.2 Retention of Information4.2.3 Retrieval of Information4.3 Major Characteristics of Memory in Interpreting4.3.1 Sensory Memory: “Deliberate”Memorizing4.3.2 Short-term Memory: Outstanding Performance4.3.3 Long-term Memory: Forgetting While Interpreting4.4 Memory and Comprehension4.4.1 Nature of memory in interpreting4.4.2 Nature of Comprehension in interpreting4.4.3 Memory and ComprehensionChapter Five Training of Listening Comprehension and Memory5.1 Training of Listening Comprehension5.1.1 Successful Listening Comprehension in Interpreting5.1.2 Teaching Strategies5.2 Training of Memory Competence5.2.1 The Importance of Memory Training5.2.2 Teaching Techniques5.3 Coping Strategies in Listening Comprehension and Memory5.3.1 The Acquisition of Knowledge Preparation5.3.2 Summarizing5.3.3 Anticipation5.3.4 Note-takingConclusionBibliography
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