语言类型特征可迁移性的认知研究 ——认知标记性对汉英中介语主题突显迁移的作用

语言类型特征可迁移性的认知研究 ——认知标记性对汉英中介语主题突显迁移的作用

论文摘要

母语迁移是中介语研究中的一个重要问题,自上世纪50年代起至今,涌现出不同的观点和理论流派,随着交叉学科的迅速发展,结合认知心理学的兴起,该研究不断展现出其生机与活力。针对主题突显的迁移研究起步于二十世纪70年代(Rutherford 1982),至今仍然受到一些研究者们的青睐,但是相对而言,研究成果有限,还大有发展潜力,本文的第一章就此点明了该文研究的范围和问题,以及研究的意义所在。第二章在语言类型学的框架内述评了主语突显和主题突显的各类语言研究,重点分析了主题突显迁移在汉英中介语中的显性和隐性表现形式。汉语和英语分别属于不同的语言类型(Li & Thompson 1976),前者为主题突显(topic-prominent)的语言系统,后者为主语突显(subject-prominent)的语言系统。研究显示(Yip & Matthews 1995),由于受到母语的影响,中国学习者在学习英语的过程中,其汉英中介语也呈现出一些主题突显特征。在已有的研究成果中,有的证实了汉英中介语主题突显特征是迁移导致的结果(Rutherford 1983),有的发现了不同的主题突显特征在不同中介语发展时期的迁移顺序和表现形式(蔡1998b),还有的指出了主题突显特征在语篇中的深层违反现象(Green 1996;张&苏2002)。但是总体来看,对于汉英中介语中主题突显迁移的研究范围不够广泛和深入(黄2005),而且对主题突显迁移的原因阐释角度单一。因而,有必要全面横向把握主题突显在不同英语水平层次上的迁移特征和发展特点;也有必要拓宽研究的视角,从不同理论中挖掘迁移发生的机制。本文第三章试图从认知标记性的角度挖掘主题突显中显性迁移和隐性迁移的发生顺序和内在机制问题。利用标记性解释二语习得中的迁移现象,是迁移理论中揭示迁移发生条件的重要理论分支。语言标记理论的发展可以分为四个阶段,后期的发展尤其对语言迁移产生了重要影响。首先,标记理论早在上个世纪30年代就由布拉格学派用来分析单一语言中的语音,语素和语义系统。尔后,到上世纪中叶时,Greenberg (1966)等学者把该理论拓展到跨语言的研究中,在大量分析多种语言的基础上,主要以描写语言特点的使用频率为量化标准,对各国语言进行了类型划分,从而形成了语言学界中的类型学。但是Greenberg对标记理论的应用依旧没有脱离两分法的桎梏,直到Eckman(1977)提出Markedness Differential Hypothesis,并且提出标记性的等级性,才使得标记性理论又向前迈进了一大步;同时,标记理论才开始活跃在二语

论文目录

  • Acknowledgments
  • Abstract in Chinese
  • Abstract in English
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter I. Introducti
  • 1.1 Interlanguage Research
  • 1.2 Transfer in CEI and Research Questions
  • 1.3 Research Significance
  • 1.4 General Organization of the Dissertation
  • Chapter II. Typological Studies on TP Language
  • 2.1 A General View on Typology
  • 2.2 Typological Studies on Chinese
  • 2.2.1 Typological Difference between Chinese and English
  • 2.2.2 Topic in Chinese vs. Subject in English
  • 2.2.3 Characteristics of Chinese as a TP Language
  • 2.3 Typological Studies on Chinese-English Interlanguage
  • 2.3.1 TP Features in CEI at Different Levels
  • 2.3.1.1 TP Features in CEI at the Syntactic Level
  • 2.3.1.2 TP Features in CEI at the Contextual Level
  • 2.3.1.3 Summary
  • 2.3.2 TP Transfer in CEI with Different Markedness
  • 2.3.2.1 Explicit TP Transfer
  • 2.3.2.2 Implicit TP Transfer
  • 2.4 Summary
  • Chapter III. Transfer and Markedne
  • 3.1 Cognitive Accounts on Transfer
  • 3.1.1 The Behaviorist View
  • 3.1.2 The Mentalist View
  • 3.1.3 Current Cognitive Views
  • 3.2 Markedness in Second Language Acquisition
  • 3.2.1 Development of Markedness Theories in Linguistics
  • 3.2.2 Markedness Theories in Language Transfer
  • 3.2.2.1 The Application of Linguistic Markedness in Transfer
  • 3.2.2.2 The Application of Cognitive Markedness in Transfer
  • 3.3 A Cognitive Markedness Model in TP Transfer Analysis
  • 3.3.1 Markedness and TP Transferability
  • 3.3.1.1 Markedness
  • 3.3.1.2 Transferability of TP Features
  • 3.3.2 Psychotypicality and Psychotypology
  • 3.3.2.1 Psychotypicality in TP Transfer
  • 3.3.2.2 Psychotypology in TP Transfer
  • 3.3.3 Transfer and Proficiency
  • 3.4 Summary
  • Chapter IV.
  • 4.1 Research Subjects
  • 4.2 Experimental Tools
  • 4.2.1 Questionnaire
  • 4.2.1.1 Questionnaire Design
  • 4.2.1.2 Questionnaire Structure
  • 4.2.1.3 Questionnaire Reliability and Validity
  • 4.2.2 Elicited Writing
  • 4.3 Data Collection
  • 4.4 Data Analysis
  • 4.5 Summary
  • Chapter V. A Cognitive Markedness Model on TP Transfe
  • 5.1 Proficiency on TP Transfer Development
  • 5.1.1 Proficiency as a Reliable Variable
  • 5.1.2 An Overview
  • 5.1.3 Specific Examinations
  • 5.1.3.1 Proficiency and Perceived Markedness
  • 5.1.3.2 Proficiency and Perceived Chinese-English Distance
  • 5.1.3.3 Proficiency and Perceived Transferability
  • 5.1.3.4 Proficiency and Performance in CEI Writings
  • 5.1.4 Discussion
  • 5.2 A Cognitive Markedness Account on TP Transferability
  • 5.2.1 An Overview
  • 5.2.2 Specific Examinations
  • 5.2.2.1 Psychotypicality on TP Transferability
  • 5.2.2.2 Psychotypology on TP Transferability
  • 5.2.2.3 Discussion
  • 5.3 TP Transferability on TP Transfer Performance
  • 5.4 Summary
  • Chapter VI. Conclusi
  • 6.1 Summary of Findings
  • 6.2 Implications
  • 6.2.1 Theoretical Implications
  • 6.2.2 Pedagogical Implications
  • 6.3 Further Research in Prospect
  • Bibliography
  • Appendixes
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    语言类型特征可迁移性的认知研究 ——认知标记性对汉英中介语主题突显迁移的作用
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